tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28766011646623904482024-03-18T08:30:45.873-07:00DECODINGHINDUISM.COMHINDUISM,SANATAN DHARM,VEDAS ARE ROOTS.
Pradeep Singh http://www.blogger.com/profile/09792755250562479741noreply@blogger.comBlogger839125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-12738673927591356982021-10-24T17:28:00.003-07:002021-10-25T16:48:58.222-07:00Vishpala- Ancient medical procedure in India<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggH3avz5GIrjiJl2NhCCxjogUrA07Lqd0seE4P-K7d4zY0bgRQK-s0SVUkBBQ-KIZciUCx-HfuUoBLeX8WH8dHO-We66SfZkN9wBsO0bJzBIcsmj6vpWQm0klSmSarDOXTlIBCSGlQ1Ha2/s1080/54AECD7C-D399-4DD7-85C1-82E1D2631229.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1080" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggH3avz5GIrjiJl2NhCCxjogUrA07Lqd0seE4P-K7d4zY0bgRQK-s0SVUkBBQ-KIZciUCx-HfuUoBLeX8WH8dHO-We66SfZkN9wBsO0bJzBIcsmj6vpWQm0klSmSarDOXTlIBCSGlQ1Ha2/s320/54AECD7C-D399-4DD7-85C1-82E1D2631229.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>The Rig Veda is regarded as one of the most ancient written texts. It is a mark of pride and honour for every Sanatani.</p><p><br /></p><p>The Rig Veda has a reference to a warrior queen called Vishpala.</p><p><br /></p><p>(The ancient Vedic period treated men and women as equals. We had Rishis. We had Rishikas. </p><p>We had warriors of both genders. Fierce. Steadfast.)</p><p><br /></p><p>What so special about Vishpala? She lost her leg in one of the wars.</p><p>But they did not raise women who quit! So she went on to fight with with a metal prosthetic limb!</p><p><br /></p><p>Here is the reference:</p><p>“Sodao janghamaysing vishapalaoi dhana hite sterba pratyadhattyam” Rig-Veda- 1:116:15</p><p><br /></p><p>This verse is addressed to the Ashwini Kumars, the physicians. It translates:</p><p><br /></p><p>The foot of Vispala, (the wife of Khela), was cut off, like the wing of a bird, in an engagement by night.</p><p>Immediately you gave her a metallic leg, so that she might walk..</p><p><br /></p><p>Of course, she did not just walk, though, she fought! Like a tigress! And slayed!</p><p><br /></p><p>#RigVeda #WarriorQueenVishpala #ProstheicLimbs</p><p>#NationFirst #AkhandBharat</p><div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Pradeep Singh http://www.blogger.com/profile/09792755250562479741noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-56257606171631782502021-01-03T22:54:00.006-08:002021-01-03T22:54:58.748-08:00Lost Horizon, about the Lost Kingdom of Shangri-La’ पृथ्वी का अद्भूत और दिव्य स्थान-#शंगरीला_घाटी<p> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">पृथ्वी का अद्भूत और दिव्य स्थान-#शंगरीला_घाटी</span></p><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">चीन का सन् 1962 में भारत पर आक्रमण करने का वास्तविक कारण ….</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">कुछ आध्यात्मिक कठोर तथ्य हैं।</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">इस संसार में ऐसा बहुत कुछ है जो कि हम नहीं जानते, यदा कदा कुछ तथ्य सामने आते रहते हैं जो कभी-कभी सत्य को प्रकट कर ही देते हैं।</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">–सन् 1962 के भारत और चीन के बीच युद्ध का एक ऐसा कारण है, जिसे तत्कालीन भारत सरकार नहीं जानती थी। हो सकता है कि परिवर्तित सरकारें भी न जानती हों। आज की NDA सरकार भी जानती हो, यह भी आवश्यक नहीं।</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">–सन् 1962 के चीन के भारत पर आक्रमण का वास्तविक कारण था–‘शंगरी ला घाटी’। शंगरी ला घाटी तवांग मठ के निकट वह घाटी है जहां तृतीय और चतुर्थ आयामों की संधि स्थली है। यह वह दिव्य घाटी है जहाँ कोई साधारण व्यक्ति भी अचानक पहुंच जाए तो वह अमर हो जाता है। उस शंगरी ला घाटी की दिव्यता का रहस्य चीन के शासकों को ‘हिब्रू ग्रंथों’ और ‘भारतीय ग्रंथों’ से पता चल गया था। तिब्बत पर अधिकार करना चीन की उसी मंशा का परिणाम था। जब तिब्बत पर अधिकार करने के बाद वहाँ वह घाटी नहीं मिली तो सन् 1962 में अरुणाचल प्रदेश स्थित तवांग मठ के नजदीक हमला करना, वहाँ के भूभाग पर कब्जा करना उन की उसी योजना का हिस्सा था। लेकिन उन्हें तब भी ‘शंगरी ला घाटी’ नहीं मिलनी थी, न ही मिली। आज जो चीन भारत को आंखें दिखा रहा है, उस के पीछे भी एकमात्र कारण वही ‘शंगरी ला घाटी’ है। भूटान के पास का वह क्षेत्र तो मात्र बहाना है। उसे तो वही दिव्य ‘शंगरी ला घाटी’ चाहिए।</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">‘शंगरी ला घाटी’ वह घाटी है जहाँ भारत के 64 तंत्र, योग और भारत की प्राच्य विद्याओं को सिखाने के लिए संसार के कोने कोने से पात्र व्यक्तियों को खोज खोज कर बुलाया जाता है और शिक्षा-दीक्षा देने के बाद उस के विस्तार के लिए आचार्यों को घाटी के बाहर भेज दिया जाता है। उस घाटी की सब से बड़ी विशेषता है कि वह चतुर्थ आयाम में स्थित होने के कारण इन चर्म चक्षुओं से दृष्टिगोचर नहीं होती।</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">वहाँ उस घाटी में सैकड़ों हज़ारों की संख्या में उच्चकोटि के योगी, साधक, सिद्ध तपस्यारत हैं। वहाँ हमारे इस तीन आयामों वाले संसार की तरह समय की गति तेज नहीं है, बल्कि वह समय मन्द है। वहाँ पहुंच जाने वाला व्यक्ति हज़ारों साल तक वैसा का वैसा ही बना रहता है युवा, स्वस्थ और अक्षुण्ण। यही कारण है कि उस विशेषता के कारण चीनियों की नीयत उस क्षेत्र के लिये हमेशा से कब्जा करने की रही है।</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">और आज भी वह भूटान के बहाने से वही निशाना साधने पर आमादा है।</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">वैसे एक मिथक ये भी है कि भगवान परशुराम, कृपाचार्य और रुद्रांश बजरंग बली यहीं निवास करते हैं विष्णु के कल्कि अवतार को यहाँ ‘शांग्रीला घाटी’ में लाने वाला व्यक्ति अश्वथामा होगा इसी घाटी में कल्कि अवतार की शिक्षा दीक्षा होगी।</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">हम जिक्र कर रहे हैं शंगरी ला घाटी का। ये तिब्बत और अरुणाचल की सीमा पर है। तंत्र मंत्र के कई जाने माने साधकों ने अपनी किताबों में इस का जिक्र किया है। लोगों का ऐसा मानना है कि ये जगह किसी खास धर्म या संस्कृति की नहीं है, जो भी इसके लायक होता है, वह इसे ढूंढ सकता है। 1942 में एक अंग्रेज अफसर LP फरैल को इस जगह पर कुछ खास अनुभव हुए थे, जिसके बारे में उन्होंने 1959 में साप्ताहिक हिंदुस्तान में लेख प्रकाशित करवाए थे। तिब्बती बुद्धिस्ट्स का मानना है कि जब दुनिया में युद्ध होगा, शंभाला का 25वां शासक इस धरती को बचाने आएगा। प्रसिद्ध योगी परमहंस विशुद्धानंद जी ने भी इस आश्रम की शक्तियों को महसूस किया था, जिस का उन के शिष्य पद्म विभूषण और साहित्य अकादमी से नवाजे गए और गर्वनमेंट संस्कृत कॉलेज के प्राचार्य रहे डॉ. गोपीनाथ कविराज जी ने बड़े विस्तार से अपनी पुस्तक में वर्णन किया है। तिब्बती साधक भी इसके बारे में कहते रहे हैं। इस घाटी को उस बरमूडा ट्राएंगल की तरह ही दुनिया की सबसे रहस्यपूर्ण जगह माना जाता है। कहा जाता है कि भू-हीनता का प्रभाव रहता है। ये भी कहा जाता है कि इस घाटी का सीधा संबंध दूसरे लोक से है।</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">जाने माने तंत्र साहित्य लेखक और विद्वान अरुण कुमार शर्मा ने भी अपनी किताब तिब्बत की वह रहस्यमय घाटी में इस जगह का विस्तार से जिक्र किया है। बकौल उन के दुनिया में कुछ ऐसी जगहें हैं जो भू-हीनता और वायु-शून्यता वाली हैं, ये जगहें वायुमंडल के चौथे आयाम से प्रभावित होती हैं। माना जाता है इन जगहों पर जा कर वस्तु या व्यक्ति का अस्तित्व दुनिया से गायब हो जाता है। माना जाता है ये जगहें देश और काल से परे होती हैं।</span><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlL1OiDLNejDktK01F61itiEvX5yFXkvcbzl1SVkhwtRE3SOpyxmZHHpZ6KAOllmqmCrjEVbWNHuTvghwAYZqV1r2JsAzOl5qv2AzgX03U1n67BWxhaATnu-_LrsEK5yRT58p4WCBa8IPB/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="539" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlL1OiDLNejDktK01F61itiEvX5yFXkvcbzl1SVkhwtRE3SOpyxmZHHpZ6KAOllmqmCrjEVbWNHuTvghwAYZqV1r2JsAzOl5qv2AzgX03U1n67BWxhaATnu-_LrsEK5yRT58p4WCBa8IPB/w591-h320/image.png" width="591" /></a></div><br /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">शंगरी ला घाटी को बरमूडा ट्राएंगल की तरह बताया जाता है। बरमूडा ट्राएंगल ऐसी जगह है, जहां से गुजरने वाले पानी के जहाज और हवाई जहाज़ गायब हो जाते हैं। वह स्थान भी भू हीनता के क्षेत्र में आता है। कहा जाता है कि चीन की सेना ने कई बार इस जगह को तलाशने की भी कोशिश की लेकिन उस को कुछ नहीं मिला। तिब्बती विद्वान युत्सुंग के अनुसार इस घाटी का संबंध अंतरिक्ष के किसी लोक से भी है।</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">तिब्बती भाषा की किताब काल विज्ञान में इस घाटी का जिक्र मिलता है। तिब्बती भाषा में लिखी यह किताब तवांग मठ के पुस्तकालय में आज भी मौजूद है। जिस में लिखा है कि दुनिया की हर चीज़ देश, काल और निमित्त से बंधी है, लेकिन इस घाटी में काल यानी समय का असर नहीं है। वहां प्राण, मन के विचार की शक्ति, शारीरिक क्षमता और मानसिक चेतना बहुत ज्यादा बढ़ जाती है।</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">इस जगह को पृथ्वी का आध्यात्मिक नियंत्रण केंद्र भी कहा जाता है। अध्यात्म क्षेत्र,</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">तंत्र साधना या तंत्र ज्ञान से जुड़े लोगों के लिए यह घाटी भारत के साथ-साथ विश्व में मशहूर है। युत्सुंग खुद के वहां जाने का दावा करते हैं। बकौल उन के वहां ना सूर्य का प्रकाश था और ना ही चांद की चांदनी। वातावरण में चारों ओर एक दुधिया प्रकाश फैला हुआ था और साथ ही विचित्र सी खामोशी।</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">युत्सुंग ने वाराणसी के तंत्र विद्वान अरुण शर्मा को बताया वहां एक ओर मठों, आश्रमों और विभिन्न आकृतियों के मंदिर थे और दूसरी ओर दूर तक फैली हुई शंगरी ला की सुनसान घाटी। यहां के तीन साधना केंद्र प्रसिद्ध हैं। पहला- ज्ञानगंज मठ, दूसरा- सिद्ध विज्ञान आश्रम और तीसरा- योग सिद्धाश्रम।</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px;">शंगरी ला घाटी को सिद्धाश्रम भी कहते हैं। सिद्धाश्रम का वर्णन महाभारत, वाल्मिकी रामायण और वेदों में भी है। सिद्धाश्रम का जिक्र अंग्रेज़ लेखक James Hilton ने अपनी किताब ‘Lost Horizon, about the Lost Kingdom of Shangri-La’ में भी किया है।</span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Pradeep Singh http://www.blogger.com/profile/09792755250562479741noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-26208757627949971952020-06-01T05:32:00.000-07:002020-06-01T05:32:34.868-07:00Why baby live in womb for 9 months and 9 days<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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#Why_Does_The_Baby_Live<br />
#in_the_womb_9_months_9_days🚩<br />
what is the scientific way to make a child great?<br />
People believe very little on astrology because astrologers have destroyed astrology because of their incomplete knowledge.<br />
Why the baby live in the womb for<br />
9 months and 9 days. It has a scientific basis. The 9 planets of our universe develop the child growing in the womb with their own rays.<br />
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Every planet develops the parts of the child's body according to its nature.<br />
If a planet is weak at the time of the child growing in the womb, then it can be cured by remedy.<br />
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1. Venus remains in effect for 1 month from pregnancy, if Venus is weak during pregnancy, then Venus should be strengthened.<br />
If Venus is strong then the child will be very beautiful. And at that time, a woman should eat spicy typo things, do not donate to Venus, if donated, Venus will be weak.<br />
Some clumsy astrologers donate Venus due to incomplete knowledge.Donate only to those planets who are sinful and cruel and are at risk of miscarriage.<br />
2. Mars is in effect in the second month. Eat sweet and strengthen Mars and wear more red clothes.<br />
3. The Guru remains in the third month. Eat sweets or sweets made of milk and wear yellow clothes more.<br />
4. The influence of the Sun remains in the fourth month. Eat juices and wear more of Mahroon clothes.<br />
5. The fifth month is the effect of the moon. Eat milk and milk- rice and white things and wear more white clothes.<br />
6. Saturn remains in effect for six months. Take calcium and juices of astringent things and wear more sky clothes.<br />
7. Effect of Mercury on seventh month, drink plenty of juices and fruits and wear more green clothes.<br />
8. The eighth month is again the influence of the Moon and the ninth month the Sun. During this time, if a planet is traveling in the low, then havan Yagya should be done for the whole month.<br />
The more the womb will be warmed by the rays of the planets, the more the child will be great and meritorious, as if a chicken gives more heat to its eggs then its child is born stronger.<br />
If the heat is less, then its chick will be very weak. Similarly, the stronger the mother is, the stronger it will be with the rays of the planets.<br />
For example, Duryodhana's body became like a thunderbolt due to the sharp rays of Gandhari's eyes.<br />
By Mamta Yas</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Pradeep Singh http://www.blogger.com/profile/09792755250562479741noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-37232305474102916522020-04-12T23:02:00.002-07:002020-04-12T23:12:01.398-07:00Ram Setu- a marvel of ancient engineering <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: small;">More than 1.7 million years old Ram Setu- also called adam's bridhe was constructed by Ram and other neinderthals ,people call then Vanara,monkeys to bring God Ram's wife from clutches of Ravana. This was pretty wide bridge as there were millions of Vanaras to cross from Rameswaram to Lanka, was several kilometers long .<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /><span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><br /><span style="color: #00b050;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Was Ram setu built by lord Rama?<br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">According to epic Ramayana, this bridge was built more than 1.75 million years ago to assist lord Rama in crossing the Indian Ocean to reach sri lanka where he fought the war with King Ravana to free her wife ‘sita’ incarcerated by king Ravana.<br />This bridge made of floating stones can still be seen between India and sri lanka from Rameshwaram, the place where Lord ram prayed to lord Shiva and started the construction of the bridge. Since this story is very old and unproven, many historians, scientists and archaeologists deny accepting this bridge to be built by lord Rama but at the same time they are unable to explain the concept of floating stones found in rameshwaram. <b>There are no proofs of this bridge being built by lord rama but there are many evidences for the same which can be found in the two article listed below</b>:<span style="color: black;"><br /><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><u><a href="https://www.mallstuffs.com/Blogs/BlogDetails.aspx?BlogId=160&BlogType=Spiritual&Topic=Rama%20Sethu-Proof%20of%20India%20great%20ancient%20science">Rama Sethu-Proof of India great ancient science</a></u><span style="color: #3168d5;"><br /><u><a href="https://www.mallstuffs.com/Blogs/BlogDetails.aspx?BlogId=121&BlogType=Spiritual&Topic=PROVING%20THE%20HISTORICITY%20OF%20RAM">PROVING THE HISTORICITY OF RAM</a></u> <span style="color: black;"><br /><span style="color: #00b050;">Strange floating stones of rameshwaram<br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">Strange fact about these floating stones is that they are found only on the coastal regions of rameshwaram. These stones are similar to any other stone and possess the same features, physical and chemical composition like the stone you may find in your locality. Seeing these stones from a far distance, you may feel that this stone is made of corals but on physical examination, <b>it is found that this is not a coral stone and it has same 40 kind of chemical compositions, like you find in a normal stone</b><br /><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="youtube-player" frameborder="0" height="390" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/opeSQ6wKeII" title="YouTube video player" type="text/html" width="640"></iframe><br />In above video, you can see the floating stones shot by a group of youngsters traveling through rameshwaram<br />Scientist has been claiming far and wide that the stones of ram setu are actually coral formation. Nasa scientists even release the photo where they claims the Ram setu underwater bridge to be coral formation. Below is the image release by their space shuttle ‘endevaour’ <span style="color: #3c3d3d;"><span style="font-size: small;">in February 2000<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #00b050;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #3168d5;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #00b050;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #3c3d3d;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />In the above image, sri lanka is shown as a giant tear drop falling from the southern tip of Tamil nadu(South Indian state). They claim India and sri lanka to be separated by the 50km wide Palk Strait, along the side of a series of stone coral islets known as Ram setu that almost form a land bridge between the two countries<br /> G Mohan Das, a historian, priest and caretaker of the stones, said the following words on this stone.<br /><b>“We believe there is no difference in these stones. Both the stones do not have air in them. The composition is the same and it has 40 kinds of chemicals”.<br /> </b><span style="color: #00b050;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Coral stones don’t float on water<br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">Even the scientist claim of floating coral stones is not true since coral stones don’t float on water. Corals are marine animals (class Anthozoa, phylum Cnidaria) who typically lives in compact colonies called "polyps". Corals include the reef builder who secretes calcium carbonate to produce a hard Skelton which doesn’t float on water. <b>There is nothing like floating coral in this world because coral is calcium carbonate, and its chemical composition is too dense to float on water</b>. Geologist claims that after years of formation of layers on ocean bed, coral stones are formed within the layer, but when they were asked why these stones were formed only in rameshwaram and nowhere else on other sea bed or ocean bed then they were speechless and called it as the act of nature. <b>However, other geologist disagrees with such views since coral stones doesn’t occur naturally in the sea, they occur only on land/hard surface</b>.<br /><br /><span style="color: #00b050;"><span style="font-size: medium;">One more false claim of comparing floating stones with pumice<br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">Some archeologist compared this floating stones with pumice which is a kind of volcanic rock which floats on water. But according to me, this comparison is very foolish and juvenile. <b>Pumice is a kind of rock made from water and lava (of volcanoes) and is very lightweight</b>. Such kinds of rocks are usually found near volcanic regions like the recent one in New Zealand. (Check the link below)<br /><span style="color: blue;"><u><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/newzealand/9467121/Mass-of-volcanic-rocks-floating-off-New-Zealand.html">Mass of volcanic rocks floating off New Zealand</a></span></span></u><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #1e1e1e;"><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />There is no volcano near rameshwaram nor is there any evidence which claims the existence of volcano in the areas surrounding rameshwaram over the last few millions of years. <b>Also, floating stones of rameshwarm are not light weighted like pumice rocks and doesn’t have the chemical composition similar to pumice rocks. It might be possible that this is some special kind of heavy pumice rocks found only at rameshwaram but if this would have been the case, then it would have been confirmed by indian archealogists. </b>According to visitors, some of the stones do look like pumice but are extremely heavy to be called as pumice. Also, color of the pumice rocks is white or creamish in color but there are many black floating stones in rameshwaram which you can see in the above videos(one shot from train and another one in patna).<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /><span style="color: #00b050;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: medium;">Scientific explanation of Ram setu floating stones is wrong<br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">On immersing an object in a liquid, it displaces the liquid to occupy a small volume of space, earlier occupied by the liquid. <b>An object floats on a liquid only when the weight of the liquid displaced by the object is equal or more than the Weight of the object itself. This also means that the amount of object immersed on the water depends upon the relative densities of the object and displaced liquid</b>. For ex: only 90% of the ice floats on water and remaining 10% can be seen floating outside the water.<br />This is why only stones which are very light weighted or are hollow or have air inside floats on water. <b>Since there are air cavities inside stone, the weight of the water displaced by stone is more than the weight of the stones and hence, it allows the stone to float on top of water.</b><br />A nice attempt but I find it extremely difficult to believe. In the below video you see a 15 kg stone floating on water. Any normal stone of that size without any air cavities also weighs 15 kilograms. Also if they believed that there is air cavities inside Ram setu floating stones then why didn’t they went there and broke one of those stones to see if there are any air cavities inside. Moreover, I am not able to digest the fact that the weight of the water, displaced by a 15 kg stone in a small tub, is greater than 15 kg.<br /><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="youtube-player" frameborder="0" height="390" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/qCt5z37c0a4" title="YouTube video player" type="text/html" width="640"></iframe><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: small;">Same news can be read in the below article<br /><span style="color: blue;"><u><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-10-03/india/27952555_1_ram-setu-rock-patna-junction">ram-setu-rock-patna-junction</a></span></span></u><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> <span style="color: black;"><br /><span style="color: #00b050;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: medium;">One more false claim of uniformity in density </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: small;">On carefully examining one of the stones, one of the emerging scientist (Student) made the following claim about this stones. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: small;">He said that on immersing the stone into the water, always the same part of the stone stays on the top while the opposite part remains on bottom. <b>This suggest that the stone is not uniformly built and a part of the stone has higher density compared to the opposite part and this is why, even when I throw the stone keeping the more denser part on top, the stones realigns itself and changes it position to float with the less denser part on the top</b>. This situation fits the law of physics which states that stones would always float in a position where its potential energy is minimum. He concluded by saying that the stones don’t have uniform density and has air cavities located near the surface which makes it floats on the water.<br />One more futile attempt by a scientist, but this was again refuted by Vikasa Swami Maharaj, a devotee of iskcon. In the below image, Swami immerse a stone weighing about 20-25 pounds from both sides at Rama Kund of Rameswaram temple. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "microsoft sans" serif; font-size: xx-small;"><img border="0" src="https://www.mallstuffs.com/Blogs/BlogImages/FloatingstonesofShriRamSetu1.png" /> <span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: small;">Both sides of the stones floating on water can also be seen in below video.<br /><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="youtube-player" frameborder="0" height="390" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ifAFm3avI6E" title="YouTube video player" type="text/html" width="640"></iframe><br /><span style="color: #00b050;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Ram setu was built by Lord Rama<br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ramasethu is an engineering masterpiece which was made of floating stones. If this stones were coral then sage valmiki must have mentioned it as corals since there is a precise word for corals in Sanskrit. If any sage says it is made of stones then by de facto, it is made of stones. <b>From scientific point of view, I can say that the technology once existed to make stones float on water and the architect like nal and neel were two advanced in building a bridge from India to sri lanka within 5 days with the help of dedicated work force of million Vanaras</b>. Even in valmiki Ramayana, there is a concept of civil engineering in building this bridge. This bridge was not constructed just by throwing stone with lord name but there were many engineering methods used by nal and neel<br /><br /><b>Below verse says about cutting of trees to construct bridge </b><span style="color: #00b050;">Valmiki Ramayan, Yuddha kanda, chapter 22, verse 53<br /><span style="color: black;"><i>te nagaan naga samkaashaaH shaakhaa mR^iga gaNa R^iSabhaaH<br />babhanjur vaanaraas tatra pracakarSuH ca saagaram | </i><span style="color: #00b050;">Translation </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: small;">Those army-chiefs of monkeys, who resembled mountains, broke the rocks and trees there and dragged them away towards the sea.<br /><b>Below verse talks about the mechanical device used to carry wood and stones </b><span style="color: #00b050;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="font-size: small;">Valmiki Ramayan, Yuddha kanda, chapter 22, verse 58<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: small;">hastimaatraan mahaakaayaaH paaSaaNaamshca mahaabalaaH<br />parvataamshca samutpaaTya yantraiH parivahanti ca | </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #00b050;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="font-size: small;">Translation<br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: small;">The huge bodied monkeys with mighty strength uprooted elephant-sized rocks and mountains and transported them by mechanical contrivances.<br /><br /><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="youtube-player" frameborder="0" height="390" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/DKnZkjq9mjg" title="YouTube video player" type="text/html" width="640"></iframe><br />Check the above video for scientific construction of bridge as depicted in child animated movie ‘Ramayana’<br /><b>Below verse talks about constructing poles, measuring bridge, same like we use to construct buildings </b><span style="color: #00b050;"><br />Valmiki Ramayan, Yuddha kanda, chapter 22, verse 62 and 63<span style="color: black;"><br /><b></b><i>daNDananye pragR^ihNanti vicinvanti tathaapare ||<br />vaanaraiH shatashastatra raamasyajJNaapuraHsaraiH |<br />meghaabhaiH parvataabhashca tR^iNaiH kaaSThairbabandhare || </i><span style="color: #00b050;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="font-size: small;">Translation<br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: small;">Some monkeys were holding poles for measuring the bridge and some others collected the material. Reeds and logs resembling clouds and mountains, brought by hundreds of monkeys, lead by the command of Rama, fastened some parts of the bridge.<br /><br /><b>Below verse says about using a string to make sure the rocks are kept on a straight line </b><span style="color: #00b050;">Valmiki Ramayan, Yuddha kanda, chapter 22, verse 60<span style="color: black;"><br /><b></b><i>samudram kshobhayaamaasurnipatantaH samantataH ||<br />suutraaNyanye pragR^ihNanti hyaayatam shatayojanam | </i><span style="color: #00b050;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="font-size: small;">Translation<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />The rocks befalling on all sides perturbed the ocean. Some others drew up strings a hundred Yojanas long.<br />More such verses can be found in the below link<br /><span style="color: blue;"><u><<a href="https://www.valmikiramayan.net/yuddha/sarga22/yuddha_22_frame.htm">yuddha_Sarga</a>></u> <span style="color: black;"><br /><br /><span style="color: #00b050;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Thousands of devotees visit rameshwaram daily to see floating stones<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />Every day, devotees in large numbers from all across the country visit the ancient Rama temple of rameshwaram to worship Lord Rama and to have a glance on the so-called "floating stones". Four to five floating stones, each weighing 10 to 20 kilograms have been kept here since ages and can be seen at this temple even today. Adjacent to this temple is the panchmukha Hanuman Temple where you can find few more floating stones used by 'Nal - Neil ' to build the stone bridge to Sri Lanka<br />Below is the video (with south Indian background music) which shows a five kg stone immersed on water<br /><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="youtube-player" frameborder="0" height="390" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LZv64oGk--Q" title="YouTube video player" type="text/html" width="640"></iframe><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: small;">A point to note about this city is that India greatest nuclear scientist and Ex President Dr A.P.J.Abdul Kalam hails from Dhanushkodi area of Rameshwaram<b>. In spite of being an Indian Muslim and a scientist, APJ Abdul kalam regards bhagavad gita with high respect and encourage young scientist to research Vedas. </b>This may be because he has seen so much that internally, he also feels the presence the god.<br /><br /><span style="color: #00b050;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Scientist and government play politics<br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nature is the biggest magical engineer. Our mind is very limited in understanding the beauty and laws of nature (God).<b> Many scientists are of the idea that if all people start believing in god then their theories and discoveries will not be held in high regard as the people will treat their discoveries as the act of god. </b>Hence, many scientists try to make scientific claims behind every event because they believe whole foundation of science will be demolished if all people start believing in god.<br />When the lord can create whole planets with oceans and mountain to float in space, then why can’t stones float on water? Scientist can only give you an explanation on how things happen but not why things happen or why it was created that way.<br />Even when scientist are finding it very difficult to explain the mystery behind floating stones of Ram setu unfortunately, without any research, our Indian government in their initiative of constructing setu samundram bridge, <b>said it very easily that there is no evidences of ram setu being built by lord rama</b>.<br /><span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><img border="0" src="https://www.mallstuffs.com/Blogs/BlogImages/FloatingstonesofShriRamSetu2.png" /> <span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />Above image shows the evidences of lord ram. First two are the floating stones of lord Ram Bridge, exactly as mentioned in Ramayana. Third image shows the portion of floating stone bridge and the last one show the satellite image of the bridge connecting India and sri lanka.<br /><b>Unfortunately, we believe in scientific theories like evolution even when there is no solid evidence to prove evolution and at the same time, very easily, we discard our religious theories like reincarnation & karma by terming it as a mythology. </b></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #00b050;">Conclusion </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: small;">Being a secular country, our constitution doesn’t allow government school to teach ancient religious scriptures. Luckily, I read and learned about Mahabharata and Ramayana at my house and I am very glad that I did so.<br />Everything is the creation of nature (God). There is an immediate cause and ultimate cause for each action<b>. Whether these stones float due to air cavities or varying density, it just reveals the greatness of God. Scientist can only make assumptions but cannot perceive this vast creation through their mundane mind because this materialistic creation is beyond any logic and explanation</b>. Only those who meditate and concentrate their mind & senses on the divine soul can realize the supreme and absolute truth. In my next article, we will see the conspiracy behind the destruction of Ram setu. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: small;"><br /> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: xx-small;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Decoding Hinduismhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11694566300003485742noreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-60441428019503736462020-04-12T22:49:00.002-07:002020-04-12T23:03:27.423-07:00Science in Hinduism <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: red;">ANCIENT SANATAN AND HINDU SCIENCE WAS FAR ADVANCED.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia"; font-size: small;">The Vedas have indefinite knowledge and depth of knowledge about science. When we talk of gravity what comes to our mind. Certainly newton, because that is what is being taught in schools today. But if we go one step down and ask how newton discovered force of gravity. Then one would say, through rigorous experimentation. <b>Similarly, Vedas consist of real life information perceived by Rishis (sages) after intense penance, spiritual austerities and meditation. </b>In order to realize the supreme truth, one needs to practice the concepts mentioned in the Vedas and recommended by great souls like dayanand saraswati, Vivekananda etc.<br /><span style="color: #333333;"><br /><b>Let us see some of the verses before we proceed further<br /><span style="color: black;"><i><span style="font-family: "calibri";">Rigveda 8.12.28<span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><br /></span></span></span></i></span></b><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";">As planets come closer to sun due to attraction, their speed of coming closer increases proportionately -<br />The above verse was later proved by kepler and is known today as Kepler law or conservation of angular momentum<br /><br /><b>Rig Veda 8.12.28</b><i>“O Indra! By putting forth your mighty rays, which possess the qualities of gravitation and attraction-illumination and motion - keep up the entire universe in order through the Power of your attraction.”</i><br /><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="font-family: "calibri";">Rig Veda 5. 45. 9 <span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><br /></span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";">Seven horses draw the chariot of Surya".<br /><i><br /></i><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="color: #333333;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />Lod surya(Sun) on his seven divine horses </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><br /><b></b></i><b>Rig Veda 1.6.5, Rig Veda 8.12.30</b><i>“O God, You have created this Sun. You possess infinite power. You are upholding the sun and other spheres and render them steadfast by your power of attraction.</i><br /><br /><i><br /><b></b></i><b>Rig Veda 1.35.9</b><i>“The sun moves in its own orbit but holding earth and other heavenly bodies in a manner that they do not collide with each other through force of attraction.<br /><b></b></i><b><br />Rig Veda 1.164.13</b><br /><i>“Sun moves in its orbit which itself is moving. Earth and other bodies move around sun due to force of attraction, because sun is heavier than them.<br /><br /><b></b></i><b>Yajur Veda 33.43</b><i>“The sun moves in its own orbit in space taking along with itself the mortal bodies like earth through force of attraction.”</i><br /><b>Atharva Veda 4.11.1</b><i>“The sun has held the earth and other planets”</i><span style="color: black;"><br />Above verses are self-explanatory. Now let us see verses from some other texts in details.<br />On seeing a fruit falling down from a tree, Newton derived the notion of gravitational force. However, millenniums before the birth of Newton, Indian spiritual sages recorded the concept of gravitational force in various ancient texts. For example, In<span style="color: #333333;"> Surya Siddhartha (written around 400 AD), Bhaskaracharya stated that<br />"Objects fall on the earth due to one force. The Earth, planets, constellations, moon and sun are held in orbit because of that one force".<br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />Statue of bhaskaracharya at patnadevi (Birth place)<br /><br /><span style="color: black;">According to Indian spiritual gurus, <span style="color: black;">all knowledge is pre-existing, and needs to be "recovered" rather than "discovered", by researching <span style="color: #0b0080;"><u><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda">Vedas</a></u><span style="color: black;"> and similar ancient indian texts.<br /><span style="color: black;"><br />The words gravity and gravitational force in sanskrit is called as “GURUTVA AKAARSHANA SHAKTI”. ‘Gurutva’ meaning ‘mass’ and ‘Akaarshana’ means ‘attractive pull’. <br /><br />The Taittiriya branch of Krishna Yajurveda says -<br /><br /><span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />The above verse says sun is holding the earth and other planets in space. kristheeh Means attraction. So, above verse says sun has power of attraction (kristheeh) and shines without interruption. (Which means sun is shining even at night).<br />Saying that the sun attracts earth implies that the earth is also an onject with different type of repulsive force (Gravitational force). Otherwise, if sun had attractive force and earth doesn’t have any force of its own, then they would have collided long back.<br />This same idea is also reflected in verse of Varahamihira (6<sup>th</sup> century AD) <br /><span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />Above verse means earth is like a sphere made up of the five basic elements, and is placed<br />At the middle of a cage, this cage is made up of the galaxies and stars and hence, earth is dangling in the sky, like an iron ball in the middle of a cage of magnetic balls.<br /> <br />Above verse also says that earth was not made only of earth. Instead it had five basic elements like fire, soil, water etc. Bhaskaraacharya (12<sup>th</sup> century AD) rediscovered this concept in his work “Goladhyaya”.<br /><br /><span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />Above verse means “Without any support, Earth is hanging in the space through his<br />own internal energy (shakti), because of which the whole solar system rotates in<br />specified orbits, while creatures like demons, humans, animals etc rests on her surface.<br />Notice the five basic elements in the above verse which combiningly forms the earth<br /><span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia";"><br /><span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />Five elements of earth<br /><br />In above verse, it is said that earth is hanging in space because of her own energy. So, what is this energy? Bhaskaracharya answers in the subsequent verse<br /><br /><span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br />Above verse translates as “Ball of earth has energy of aakrushti shakti meaning “attraction”. Because of this attractive force, the earth pulls eveything towards her (svastham) and this power is her own and natural. Due to this attractive false, all objects dropped on earth appears to be falling down.”<br /><br /> Bhaskara concludes his topic by answering the question, “Is earth falling down in space?”<br />By answering this question, he was actually referring to a group of western scholars who proposed that earth must be falling down at a great speed since objects thrown in space falls down in varying speed as per their size and earth itself is a very heavy object.<br /><br />To counter these arguments, Bhaskaracharya started with the assumption that heavier object falls with greater speed than lighter object. Let us now suppose an arrow is shot up, it goes to a certain distance and then its starts falling down. The arrow started falling down, and since the earth itself is traveling down, arrow should never fall back to the earth surface since the earth is mighty compared to arrow and is falling down at a heavier speed than a light weighted arrow. But it is not so. Hence, bhaskacharya suggested everyone to accept earth is not falling down.<br />Today, this concept is well known by the formulae <br /><span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />Bhaskaracharya gave one more argument to prove his theory. He said that for a person standing on the northern hemisphere, word ‘downward’ means a direction from head to feet. At the same moment, a person standing on the southern hemisphere feels the same but it is actually in the opposite direction. Now, if the earth is falling down, then which way it is falling, from the northern hemisphere side or the southern hemisphere? So, it is worthless to say that earth is falling down.<br /><span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />Bhaskara also gave a third technical argument. Suppose the sun is in the star “Bharani”. On such a date, at the time of sunset, the face of the Dhruva fish (fish shaped group of stars around dhruva the pole star) moves to the western direction. The next morning when the Sun rises in the east, the face of Dhruva fish turns to the eastern side. This can be clearly observed by anybody. If the earth is falling down, the same Sun, who was on the western end of the Dhruva fish yesterday, cannot appear on the eastern end of the same fish in a gap of 12 hours. If that is the case, we may have to agree that there are two Suns, which is absurd. So, Bhaskara concluded that it cannot be said that the earth is falling down. <br /><br />Objects are falling down because of the attractive force of earth. Referring to this idea, Aryabhatta(5<sup>th</sup> century AD) said that livings beings in different location are not scattered away into the space because of the attractive force of earth. <br /><br /><span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />In this verse, Aryabhatta used flower as synonyms of this universe objects.<br />Above verse translates as “Each flower is a cluster of co-centric smaller flowers, all of which put together make a ball like single flower. The smaller flowers of the Kadamba flower are tied to the center of the cluster, all the water living, the surface living and the sky living creatures are tied to the center of the earth. ”<br /> <br />Indian scriptures also say that not all objects falls on earth.<br /><span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br />This verse states that one should not say that every object in this earth falls down. In fact, every element of this Universe has a quality of attracting other objects of its own class, and repelling those of other classes. Sage Valmiki (who wrote Ramayana) takes the example of the falling fruit.<br /> <span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />Scientific formula for attractive force<br /><br />Sage Valmiki says that, since the fruit is a smaller part of the earth, it is attracted by the earth and hence it travels towards earth. It is neither going down nor up. It is going towards earth. Take a ball, which is hanged in the space by the help of a small thread. Now suppose some ants walk all around the ball in a zigzag way. Now, how will you determine the downward direction for these ants? Every ant says that his legs are in the downward direction and his back is towards the upper direction. All ants are right even those who are in the downward direction relative to earth but upward direction relative to ball. So, there is nothing like a downward or upward direction.<br />There is only a travel of an object towards another object of its own class.<br /><br />Interestingly the same example is repeated in Surya Siddhanta. <br /><span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />Above verse questions that if every element of panchabhutas has a quality of repelling the other bhutas, how is it that water, air and fire are also available on the surface of the earth itself. He says that the other elements on the earth are studded in her, just like a few gems in a big golden bangle. The panchabhutas available to us are not pure ones. They are intermixed by a process called “panchikarana.” Hence, every particle in this Universe has a few traces of other elements also with in itself. Hence, the earth cannot totally repel other elements living on her surface.<br />That is why they stay there, just like studded stones in a bangle. If it were a piece of her own category, that would not have remained like a stone in a bangle, but it would have been totally absorbed in the earth in due course. That means, the power of attraction between two atoms of the same category is maximum<br /><br /><span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />Attractive and repulsive force<br /><br />This statement straightaway reminds us about the most recent EPR paradox, established by Einstein and subsequently development by Dr. Bell. According to Bell’s theorem, it was proved experimentally that two atoms of the same category, separated by seven to eight lakh miles, behave as if they are inter connected. They have termed this connection as “superluminal”. <br />It is very clear that Valmiki’s understandings of the principle of gravity are subtler and more logical than that of the medieval Vedic scientists (Sages).<br /><br />According to modern concept of cosmos, no celestial body is static in space. Each and<br />Every celestial body is rotating about itself and also about another heavier one, nearby. <br />The earth does so about sun. Likewise, the sun also is revolving about a celestial body<br />named by scientists as “SERIUS” . As such, the entire solar system is to be considered as<br />Rotating about that ‘Serius’. That being so, the locus of Earth in space, or of any other member of the solar system, cannot be considered as a simple ellipse (which is a closed conic). It may, for the time being, be assumed to be an Elliptical spiral. The statement that the orbit of Earth is<br />elliptic is only relative and limited to the solar system - only under the assumption that<br />the Sun is static - which is not a reality. <br />That being so, we have come, in some other path, near to the concept of earth’s falling<br />Down. <br /><span style="color: #333333;"><br />Thus, we saw the concepts of gravitational force and repulsive force between objects in deep and I hope you liked this depth explanation.<br /><span style="color: black;"><br />So, before I end, Let us pray to the supreme god for his divine creation by embracing the below image which shows the magnificence of sun rays and how sun makes objects look extremely beautiful.<br /><span style="font-family: "microsoft sans" serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />Jai shree krishna<br /><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Decoding Hinduismhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11694566300003485742noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-40283952403834367502019-12-09T22:47:00.000-08:002019-12-09T22:47:05.857-08:00मुरुदेश्वर, कर्नाटक, Murudeswar, Karnatka, India- Highest Shiva in world<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<img alt="मुरुदेश्वर, कर्नाटक" height="480" src="https://c1.hiqcdn.com/customcdn/1300x512/destreviewimages/1512017305_rotates_shareiq_746_1504434615.851415.jpg" width="640" /><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">मुरुदेश्वर मंदिर-</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">कर्नाटक में मेंगलोर की भटकल तहसील में यह मंदिर अरब सागर के बहुत ही सुन्दर एवं शांत तट के किनारे बना हुआ है. मुरुदेश्वर बीच [समुद्र तट] यहां के सब से सुन्दर तटों में से एक है।पर्यटकों के लिए यहाँ आना दोहरा लाभ देता है एक और इस धार्मिक स्थल के दर्शन और दूसरी तरफ प्राकृतिक सुन्दरता का नज़ारा भी हो जाता है.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">कन्दुका पहाड़ी पर ,तीन ओर से पानी से घिरा यह मुरुदेश्वर मंदिर भगवान शिव को स</span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; display: inline; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; user-select: text !important;">मर्पित है.यहाँ भगवान शिव का आत्म लिंग स्थापित है.जिस की कथा रामायण काल की है।.अमरता पाने हेतु रावण जब शिव जी को प्रसन्न करके उनका आत्मलिंग अपने साथ लंका ले जा रहा था.तब रास्ते में इस स्थान पर आत्मलिंग धरती पर रख दिए जाने के कारण स्थापित हो गया था.गुस्से में रावण ने इसे नष्ट करने का प्रयास किया था।<br /><br />दक्षिण में मंदिर के प्रवेश द्वार को गोपुरा कहा जाता है.'राजा गोपुरा '/राज गोपुरम विश्व में सब से ऊँचा गोपुरा माना जाता है.यह २४९ फीट ऊँचा है.इसे वहीँ के एक व्यवसायी आर.एन शेट्टी ने बनवाया था .द्वार पर दोनों तरफ सजीव हाथी के बराबर ऊँची हाथी की मूर्तियाँ देखी जा सकती हैं.।</span><br />
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भगवान शिव के मंदिर पूरी दुनिया में बने हुए हैं। भगवान शिव के कई ऐसे मंदिर हैं, जिनका संबंध पौराणिक समय से जुड़ा हुआ है। आज हम आपको भगवान शिव के एक ऐसे ही मंदिर के बारे में बताने जा रहे हैं, जिसका संबंध रामायण काल से है।</div>
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कर्नाटक राज्य में उत्तर कन्नड़ जिला है, इस जिले की भटकल तहसील में ही मुरुदेश्वर मंदिर है। यह मंदिर अरब सागर के तट पर बना हुआ है। समुद्र तट होने की वजह से यहां का प्राकृतिक वातावरण हर किसी का मन मोह लेता है। बेहद सुंदर होने के साथ-साख यह शिव मंदिर बहुत ही खास भी है, क्योंकि इस मंदिर के परिसर में भगवान शिव की एक विशाल मूर्ति स्थापित हैं। वह मूर्ति इतनी बड़ी और आकर्षक है कि उसे दुनिया की दूसरी सबसे विशाल शिव प्रतिमा माना जाता हैं</div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Decoding Hinduismhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11694566300003485742noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-67748658656591381022019-11-30T06:24:00.001-08:002019-11-30T12:08:40.703-08:00MUSICAL STEPS IN AIRAVATESHWARA MANDIR; AN EXTRAORDINARY EXAMPLE OF SHILPA SHASTRAMUSICAL STEPS IN AIRAVATESHWARA MANDIR; AN EXTRAORDINARY EXAMPLE OF SHILPA SHASTRA<br />
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Airavateshwara Mandir is 85 feet high vastu architecture, carved like huge vimana encased in a Lotus. Here Airavat, the four tusked white elephant of Indra prayed to Mahadev and Shiv resides here in Airavateswara form.<br />
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Entire mandir is carved with various hindu devas like Ardhnarishwar, Nagaraj, Surya, Ganga, Mohini etc and many stories of Indian history. Carving also includes types of Nrtya (dance forms like Bharat Natyam), rasa dances, gymnasium, extra ordinary musical steps, rishis, kings etc.<br />
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Musical step is one of the wonder of Chola dynasty who did that almost a thousand years ago. It is also said that temple goes back to many thousands years, Chola dynasty did many additions and maintenance time to time. To protect the musical steps, it was later grilled. The step show extra ordinary mastery of ancient indians on various musical notes and various material which could produce such musical sounds. It's one of the highest form of science in rock melting technology.<br />
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One can hear all the seven Swaras at different points at the agrr mandapa of the mandir which has an attached square porch of 7 metres (23 ft) side. It has ornately carved musical steps that go from east to west. On its east, outside the main podium, is the bali-pitham. It is unusual, in that it is produced as intricately carved balustraded steps. When one walks or steps on them, they produce a musical note. They are therefore called the #singingsteps.<br />
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HISTORY<br />
#Darasuram is 5-6 kms from Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu. It is said King Raja Raja II constructed this architectural and sculptural marvel temple in his name called Raja Rajishwaram (at present Airavatesvara) in 1160 in two decades. #Palaiyarai is ancient temple city and the Capital of the Cholas. King Raja Kambeera Mamannan, Raja Raja Chola II (1146 A.D. to 1172 A.D) changed his capital from Gangaikonda Cholapuram to Palaiyarai and renamed it as Raja Raja Puram (at present it is Darasuram).<br />
There were 1000 #Thaligai (temples/mandirs) in Palaiyarai .There were 4 padai veedus (Military Camps) on all the four directions of the Capital. Thalicherippendirgal were appointed by the king to develop fine arts especially music and dance in the mandir during festival occasions. It is a world heritage monument protected by UNESCO. This temple is very different as it is highly ornate in execution to the micro level. The temple consists of a sanctum without a circumambulatory path and axial mandapas. The front mandapa known in the inscriptions as Rajagambhiran tirumandapam is unique as it was conceptualized as a chariot with wheels. The pillars of this mandapa are highly ornate. The elevation of all the units is elegant with sculptures dominating the architecture. The labeled miniature friezes extolling the events that happened to the 63 #nayanmars (Saiva saints) are noteworthy and reflect the deep roots of Saivism in this region.<br />
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MORE INFO<br />
The ancient Sri Sthanumalayan temple in Suchindram in Kanyakumari district, the Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple in Madurai, theAiravateshwara temple of Darasuram, and Adhinathar temple at Alwartirunagari are among the temples in Tamil Nadu that have fascinating musical stones which produce sapta swaras when tapped.<br />
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The #ShilpaShastra clearly classifies the stones and the type that ought to be used for temple architecture.<br />
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Stones, according to the Shilpa Shastra, are masculine, feminine and neuter depending on their sound and colour. #Male stone produce the tinkle of bronze bells when tapped while #female stones produce the tinkle of bass. The #neuter produces a dull sound.<br />
Male stone is used to carve deities of Lord, while female stone is meant for making images of Goddess and neuter stone is used for the pedestal or in making ornaments as per N. Bhaskaran, a temple architect and student of Ganapathy Sthapahi, the renowned traditional architect who made the 133-feet Thiruvalluvar statue in Kanyakumari and the Valluvar Kottam.<br />
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The Shilpis displayed a remarkable skill and ingenuity in crafting “musical” pillars, which when struck at right spot produce mellifluous octaves. Though it may be difficult to identify the source of such stones, these musical pillars are of granite and charnockites. They come in different girths and volumes to produce the right octaves. Unlike the modern architecture, the ancient temples are geometrically, scientifically, and symbolically built alligned with astronomical calculations and spiritual body sciences.<br />
<br /><div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Decoding Hinduismhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11694566300003485742noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-7362757108419898912019-03-09T18:47:00.002-08:002019-03-09T18:47:58.547-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">ये हैं सूर्य देव (आदित्य) के 12 स्वरूप, जानिए इनके नाम और काम :-</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">हिंदू धर्म में प्रमुख रूप से 5 देवता माने गए हैं। सूर्यदेव उनमें से एक हैं। भविष्यपुराण में सूर्यदेव को ही परब्रह्म यानी जगत की सृष्टि, पालन और संहार शक्तियों का स्वामी माना गया है। भगवान सूर्य जिन्हें आदित्य के नाम से भी जाना जाता है, के 12 स्वरूप माने जाते है, जिनके द्वारा ये उपरोक्त तीनो काम सम्पूर्ण करते है।आइए जानते है क्या है </span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; display: inline; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">इन 12 स्वरूप के नाम और क्या है इनका काम।<br /><br />इन्द्र (Indra)<br />भगवान सूर्य (आदित्य) के प्रथम स्वरुप का नाम इंद्र है। यह देवाधिपति इन्द्र को दर्शाता है। इनकी शक्ति असीम हैं। दैत्य और दानव रूप दुष्ट शक्तियों का नाश और देवों की रक्षा का भार इन्हीं पर है।<br /><br />धाता (Dhata)<br />भगवान सूर्य (आदित्य) के दूसरे स्वरुप का नाम धाता है। जिन्हें श्री विग्रह के रूप में जाना जाता है। यह प्रजापति के रूप में जाने जाते हैं जन समुदाय की सृष्टि में इन्हीं का योगदान है, सामाजिक नियमों का पालन ध्यान इनका कर्तव्य रहता है। इन्हें सृष्टि कर्ता भी कहा जाता है।<br /><br />पर्जन्य (Parjanya)<br />भगवान सूर्य (आदित्य) के तीसरे स्वरुप का नाम पर्जन्य है। यह मेघों में निवास करते हैं। इनका मेघों पर नियंत्रण हैं। वर्षा करना इनका काम है।<br /><br />त्वष्टा (Twashtha)<br />भगवान सूर्य (आदित्य) के चौथे स्वरुप का नाम त्वष्टा है। इनका निवास स्थान वनस्पति में हैं पेड़ पोधों में यही व्याप्त हैं औषधियों में निवास करने वाले हैं। अपने तेज से प्रकृति की वनस्पति में तेज व्याप्त है जिसके द्वारा जीवन को आधार प्राप्त होता है।<br /><br />पूषा (Pusha)<br />भगवान सूर्य (आदित्य) के पांचवे स्वरुप का नाम पूषा है। जिनका निवास अन्न में होता है। समस्त प्रकार के धान्यों में यह विराजमान हैं। इन्हीं के द्वारा अन्न में पौष्टिकता एवं उर्जा आती है। अनाज में जो भी स्वाद और रस मौजूद होता है वह इन्हीं के तेज से आता है।<br /><br />अर्यमा (Aryama)<br />भगवान सूर्य (आदित्य) के छठवे स्वरुप का नाम अर्यमा है। यह वायु रूप में प्राणशक्ति का संचार करते हैं। चराचर जगत की जीवन शक्ति हैं। प्रकृति की आत्मा रूप में निवास करते हैं।<br /><br />भग (Bhag)<br />भगवान सूर्य (आदित्य) के सातवें स्वरुप का नाम भग है। प्राणियों की देह में अंग रूप में विध्यमान हैं यह भग देव शरीर में चेतना, उर्जा शक्ति, काम शक्ति तथा जीवंतता की अभिव्यक्ति करते हैं।<br /><br />विवस्वान (Vivswana)<br />भगवान सूर्य (आदित्य) के आठवें स्वरुप का नाम विवस्वान है। यह अग्नि देव हैं। कृषि और फलों का पाचन, प्राणियों द्वारा खाए गए भोजन का पाचन इसी अगिन द्वारा होता है।<br /><br />विष्णु (Vishnu)<br />भगवान सूर्य (आदित्य) के नववें स्वरुप का नाम विष्णु है। यह संसार के समस्त कष्टों से मुक्ति कराने वाले हैं।<br /><br />अंशुमान (Anshumaan)<br />भगवान सूर्य (आदित्य) के दसवें स्वरुप का नाम अंशुमान है। वायु रूप में जो प्राण तत्व बनकर देह में विराजमान है वहीं दसवें आदित्य अंशुमान हैं। इन्हीं से जीवन सजग और तेज पूर्ण रहता है।<br /><br />वरूण (Varuna)<br />भगवान सूर्य (आदित्य) के ग्यारहवें स्वरुप का नाम वरूण है। वरूण देवजल तत्व का प्रतीक हैं। यह समस्त प्रकृत्ति में के जीवन का आधार हैं। जल के अभाव में जीवन की कल्पना भी नहीं कि जा सकती है।<br /><br />मित्र (Mitra)<br />भगवान सूर्य (आदित्य) के बारहवें स्वरुप का नाम मित्र है। विश्व के कल्याण हेतु तपस्या करने वाले, ब्रह्माण का कल्याण करने की क्षमता रखने वाले मित्र देवता हैं।</span></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Pradeep Singh http://www.blogger.com/profile/09792755250562479741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-91474343659751508952018-11-21T16:40:00.001-08:002018-11-21T16:40:41.746-08:00Sun temple of Multan<a href="https://pparihar.com/2018/11/21/sun-temple-of-multan/">Sun temple of Multan</a><div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Pradeep Singh http://www.blogger.com/profile/09792755250562479741noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-85411592249107917412018-11-04T18:29:00.000-08:002018-11-04T18:29:38.197-08:00Varahamihir, who predicted water in Mars<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP_cr4sk4KReb2Os0_3uNQ1l3w_dZFNd2FGuT-Msqmnqrr31OeU6FEcO-yAFpBk4fGjHNTwtH-jKrrx1YSvKYT8KItmj-78-An0EdJYPMJ1gEdj31coZhwjzHaRTuxS1GoisNCp0mIjCVG/s1600/varahmihir.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="281" data-original-width="540" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP_cr4sk4KReb2Os0_3uNQ1l3w_dZFNd2FGuT-Msqmnqrr31OeU6FEcO-yAFpBk4fGjHNTwtH-jKrrx1YSvKYT8KItmj-78-An0EdJYPMJ1gEdj31coZhwjzHaRTuxS1GoisNCp0mIjCVG/s640/varahmihir.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Even thousands of years before, India had become famous and reached its pinnacle in astrological and astronomical sciences. Ancient Astrological works had been translated into many foreign languages. Ibn Batuta and Al Baruni were two prominent Arab travelers who had visited ancient India specially to pursue Astrology. By their translations, they had induced German scholars to come to India to study Astrology and Vedic literature. Varahamihira was one of the only renowned Indian Astronomer, Mathematician and Astrologer whose name became a household word throughout India and it is said his near contemporaries <a href="http://www.themysteriousindia.net/aryabhata-the-great-indian-astronomer-mathematician/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(196, 209, 224); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #343e47; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Aryabhata</a> and Brahmagupta even did not match with the popularity of Varahamihira.</div>
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Varahamihira was born in 505 A.D. into a family of Brahmins settled at Kapittha, a village near Ujjain. His father, Adityadasa was a worshipper of the Sun god and it was he who taught Varahamihira astrology. On a visit to Kusumapura (Patna) young Varahamihira met the <a href="http://www.themysteriousindia.net/aryabhata-the-great-indian-astronomer-mathematician/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(196, 209, 224); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #343e47; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">great astronomer and mathematician, Aryabhata</a>. The meeting inspired him so much the he decided to take up astrology and astronomy as a lifetime pursuit.</div>
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At that time, Ujjain was the center of learning, where many schools of arts, science and culture were flourishing in the prosperity of the Gupta reign. Varahamihira, therefore, shifted to this city, where scholars from distant lands were gathering. In due course, his astrological skills came to the notice of King Yashodharman Vikramaditya of Malwa, who made him one of the Nine Gems of his court.</div>
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Varahamihira was learned in the Vedas, but he was not a blind believer in the supernatural. He was a scientist. Like Aryabhata before him, he declared that the earth was spherical.</div>
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In the history of science, he was the first to claim that some “force” might be keeping bodies stuck to the round earth. The force is now called <a href="http://www.themysteriousindia.net/law-gravity-discovered-indian/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(196, 209, 224); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #343e47; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">gravity</a>. He proposed that the Moon and planets are lustrous not because of their own light but due to sunlight.</div>
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Varahamihira’s main work is the book Pancha Siddhantika (Treatise on the five Astronomical Canons gives us information about older Indian texts which are now lost). The work it seems is a treatise on mathematical astronomy and it summarises five earlier astronomical treatises, namely, the Surya Siddhanta, Romaka Siddhanta, Paulisa Siddhanta, Vasishtha Siddhanta, and Paitama Siddhanta.</div>
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It is acclaimed that Pancha Siddhantika of Varahamihira is one of the most important sources for the history of Hindu Astronomy from before the time of Aryabhata.</div>
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Another important contribution of Varahamihira is the encyclopedic Brihat-Samhita. It covers wide-ranging subjects of human interest, including astrology, planetary movements, eclipses, rainfall, rainfall, clouds even domestic relations, gems, pearls, and rituals.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Varahamihira in 550 AD has described a large number of comets</span> <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">in the Brhat Samhita. He wrote over sixty couplets about comets. He did not have the modern facilities like Telescope or other electronic equipment. He says that sages Garga, Parasara, Asita, Devala and others had already written about the comets.</span></div>
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He was also an astrologer and has written on all the three branches of astrology. His son Prithuyasas has also contributed in the Hindu astrology through his work, Hora Sara.</div>
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Varahamihira’s mathematical work included the discovery of the trigonometric formulas. He improved the accuracy of the sine tables of Aryabhata l. He defined the algebraic properties of zero as well as of negative numbers. Furthermore, He was among the first mathematicians to discover a version of what is now known as the Pascal’s triangle. He used it to calculate the binomial coefficients.</div>
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Varahamihira made some significant observations in the field of ecology, <a href="http://www.themysteriousindia.net/hydrology-ancient-india/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(196, 209, 224); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #343e47; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">hydrology</a> and geology too. He was the first person who predicted underground water. His claim that plants and termites serve as indicators of underground water is now receiving attention in the scientific world.</div>
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Varahamihira, without any scientific equipment, derived the true value of equinox. This value is very important for the modern-day Geostationary Satellites.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Surya Siddhanta & description on planet Mars:</strong></h2>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #343e47; font-family: proxima-nova-1, proxima-nova-2, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; list-style: square; margin: 0px 0px 1.4em 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 18.7375px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pancha siddhantika includes Surya Siddhanta, an astronomical treatise which explains or determines the true motions of the luminaries. Under this work, Varahamihira has also explained the estimated diameters of the planets, like Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturn and Jupiter.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 18.7375px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The book gave the locations of several stars other than the lunar nakshatras (constellations) and the calculation of solar eclipses. The book also had a significant coverage on kinds of time, the length of the year of gods and demons, day and night of god Brahma, the elapsed period since creation, how planets move eastwards and sidereal revolution.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 18.7375px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Surya Siddhanta mentioned the Mars’s diameter (which was calculated to be 3,772 miles that has an error within 11% of the currently accepted diameter of 4,218 miles), circumference and also carries calculations on and about solar eclipses and lunar eclipses, its color and portion of the moon as well.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 18.7375px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Apart from these, Varahamihira also predicted the presence of water on Mars. The book had a detailed description of planet Mars. He had said in his book that planet Mars has both water and iron present on its surface, which have now been revealed by NASA and ISRO.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 18.7375px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">He was the first to mention and explain how each planet in the solar system has been created by and centered on the sun.</li>
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It’s intriguing to know that during NASA’s Mars mission, Arun Upadhyay, a retired IPS, did a comparative study of Varāhamihira’s calculations about Mars and found certain similarities.</div>
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Though the original book of Surya Siddhanta till date remains untraced, but somehow a few scholars had taken their notes for their own research work. Many fear that the original version was stolen by the other astronomers from overseas. The present version of Surya Siddhanta, which is often used by Panchang experts to predict festive dates and nakshatras, was modified by <a href="http://www.themysteriousindia.net/bhaskaracharya-great-astronomer-mathmatician/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(196, 209, 224); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #343e47; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Bhaskaracharya</a> during the Middle Ages.</div>
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It is learnt, Varahamihira humbly said about his own treatises: “<em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The science of Astrology is a vast ocean and is not easy for everyone to cross it. My treatises provide a safe boat</em>.” Truly, even now they are acknowledged as masterpieces.</div>
<div class="slide-desc-p" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.4em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Source:</span> <a href="http://www.freepressjournal.in/varahamihira-the-ancient-astrologer-astronomer-and-mathematician/676984" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(196, 209, 224); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #343e47; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">FreePressJournal</a>, <a href="http://www.academia.edu/9535459/Comets_in_ancient_India" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(196, 209, 224); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #343e47; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Comets in ancient India</a>, <a href="http://daily.bhaskar.com/news-jf/JM-MYTH-this-indian-had-discovered-water-on-mars-1500-years-ago-know-more-5264212-PHO.html?seq=5" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(196, 209, 224); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #343e47; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">DailyBhaskar</a>, <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/223467931/Brihat-Samhita-of-Varahamihira#scribd" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(196, 209, 224); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #343e47; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Brihat Samhita of Varahamihira</a></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Pradeep Singh http://www.blogger.com/profile/09792755250562479741noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-20784477313771637272018-11-04T18:17:00.001-08:002018-11-04T18:17:20.760-08:00Bhaskaracharya discoveres Infinity <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Bhaskaracharya discoveres Infinity .....</div>
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Bhaskara was the first to introduce the concept of Infinity: If any finite number is divided by zero, the result is infinity</div>
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Bhaskaracharya, the greatest Mathematician who introduced concept of ‘Infinity’Bhaskaracharya (Bhāskara the teacher) was an Bharatiya mathematician and astronomer of 12th century AD.<br />He is refered as Bhāskara II to avoid confusion with Bhāskara I (of 7th century AD). He was born near Vijjadavida (Bijapur in modern Karnataka) and lived between 1114-1185 AD. Bhaskaracharya (Bhaskara II)He represented the peaks of mathematical knowledge in the 12th century and was the head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, the leading mathematical centre of ancient India.<br /><a class="_58cn" data-ft="{"type":104,"tn":"*N"}" href="https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/bhaskara?source=feed_text" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="_5afx" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span aria-label="hashtag" class="_58cl _5afz" style="font-family: inherit; unicode-bidi: isolate;">#</span><span class="_58cm" style="font-family: inherit;">Bhaskara</span></span></a> II’s family belonged to Deshastha Brahmin community, which served as court scholars at Kings forts. He learned Mathematics from his father Maheswara, an astrologer. He imparted his knowledge of mathematics to his son Lokasamudra, whose son had started a school to study the works of his grand father in 1207 AD.</div>
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His main work Siddhānta Shiromani, (Sanskrit for “Crown of treatises,“) is divided into four parts called Lilāvati(beautiful woman, named after his daughter Lilavati), Bijaganita, Grahaganita (mathematics of planets) and Golādhyāya (study of sphere/earth). These four sections deal with arithmetic, algebra, mathematics of the planets, and spheres respectively. He also wrote another treatise named Karna Kautoohala. Bhāskara’s work on calculus predates Newton and Leibniz by over half a millennium. He is particularly known in the discovery of the principles of differential calculus and its application to astronomical problems and computations.</div>
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While Newton and Leibniz have been credited with differential and integral calculus, there is strong evidence to suggest that Bhāskara was a pioneer in some of the principles of differential calculus. He was perhaps the first to conceive the differential coefficient and differential calculus.</div>
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Lilavati (meaning a beautiful woman) is based on Arithmetic. It is believed that Bhaskara named this book after his daughter Lilavati. Many of the problems in this book are addressed to his daughter. For example, “Oh Lilavati, intelligent girl, if you understand addition & subtraction, tell me the sum of the amounts 2, 5, 32, 193, 18, 10 & 100, as well as [the remainder of] those when subtracted from 10000.” The book contains thirteen chapters, mainly definitions, arithmetical terms, interest computation, arithmetical & geometric progressions. Many of the methods in the book on computing numbers such as multiplications, squares & progressions were based on common objects like kings & elephants, which a common man could understand. <a class="_58cn" data-ft="{"type":104,"tn":"*N"}" href="https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/bijaganita?source=feed_text" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="_5afx" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span aria-label="hashtag" class="_58cl _5afz" style="font-family: inherit; unicode-bidi: isolate;">#</span><span class="_58cm" style="font-family: inherit;">Bijaganita</span></span></a> is on <a class="_58cn" data-ft="{"type":104,"tn":"*N"}" href="https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/algebra?source=feed_text" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="_5afx" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span aria-label="hashtag" class="_58cl _5afz" style="font-family: inherit; unicode-bidi: isolate;">#</span><span class="_58cm" style="font-family: inherit;">Algebra</span></span></a> & contains 12 chapters.<br />“A positive number has two square-roots (a negative root & a positive root)“. This was published in this text for the very first time.<br />It contains concepts of positive & negative numbers, zero, the ‘unknown‘ (includes determining unknown quantities), surds, simple equations & quadratic equations.</div>
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Bhaskara was the first to introduce the concept of Infinity: If any finite number is divided by zero, the result is infinity. Also the fact that if any finite number is added to infinity then the sum is infinity. He developed a proof of the Pythogorean theorem by calculating thesame area in two different ways & then cancelling out two terms to get a2 + b2 = c2.<br />He is also known for his calculation of the time required (365.2588 days) by the Earth to orbit the Sun which differs from the modern day calculation of 365.2563 days, by just 3.5 minutes! The law of Gravitation had been proved by Bhaskara 500 years before it was rediscovered by <a class="_58cn" data-ft="{"type":104,"tn":"*N"}" href="https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/newton?source=feed_text" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="_5afx" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span aria-label="hashtag" class="_58cl _5afz" style="font-family: inherit; unicode-bidi: isolate;">#</span><span class="_58cm" style="font-family: inherit;">Newton</span></span></a>.</div>
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Bhaskaracharya’s contributions to mathematics are very important, and a great pride for Indian, and a great gift to the world and civilization.</div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Pradeep Singh http://www.blogger.com/profile/09792755250562479741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-9343348062638401372018-11-04T17:24:00.000-08:002018-11-04T18:14:42.020-08:00GRAVITATIONAL FORCE and Eclipse in Vedas<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: red;">GRAVITATIONAL FORCE</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">Rig Veda 8.12.28</span><br />
<span style="color: #1d2129;">“O Indra! by putting forth your mighty rays, which possess the qualities of gravitation and attraction-illumination and motion – keep up the entire universe in order through the Power of your attraction.”</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">Rig Veda 1.6.5, Rig Veda 8.12.30</span><br />
<span style="color: #1d2129;">“O God, You have created this Sun. You possess infinite power. You are upholding the sun and other spheres and render them steadfast by your power of attraction.</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">Yajur Veda 33.43</span><br />
<span style="color: #1d2129;">“The sun moves in its own orbit in space taking along with itself the mortal bodies like earth through force of attraction.”</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">Rig Veda 1.35.9</span><br />
<span style="color: #1d2129;">“The sun moves in its own orbit but holding earth and other heavenly bodies in a manner that they do not collide with each other through force of attraction.</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">Rig Veda 1.164.13</span><br />
<span style="color: #1d2129;">“Sun moves in its orbit which itself is moving. Earth and other bodies move around sun due to </span>force<span style="color: #1d2129;"> of attraction, because </span>sun<span style="color: #1d2129;"> is heavier than them.</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">Atharva Veda 4.11.1</span><br />
<span style="color: #1d2129;">“The sun has held the earth and other planets”</span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">ECLIPSE</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Rig Veda 5.40.5<br />“O Sun! When you are blocked by the one whom you gifted your own light (moon), then earth gets scared by sudden darkness.”</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: red;">Rig Veda 10.149.1</span><br /><span style="color: #1d2129;">“The sun has tied Earth and other planets through attraction and moves them around itself as if a trainer moves newly trained horses around itself holding their reins.”</span></div>
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In this mantra,<br />Savita = Sun<span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; font-family: inherit;"><br />Yantraih = through reins<br />Prithiveem = Earth<br />Aramnaat = Ties<br />Dyaam Andahat = Other planets in sky as well<br />Atoorte = Unbreakable<br />Baddham = Holds<br />Ashwam Iv Adhukshat = Like horses</span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">MOTION OF EARTH</span></div>
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Rig Veda 10.22.14<br />“This earth is devoid of hands and legs, yet it moves ahead. All the objects over the earth also move with it. It moves around the sun.</div>
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In this mantra,<br />Kshaa = Earth (refer Nigantu 1.1)<br />Ahastaa = without hands<br />Apadee = without legs<br />Vardhat = moves ahead<br />Shushnam Pari = Around the sun<br />Pradakshinit = revolves</div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Pradeep Singh http://www.blogger.com/profile/09792755250562479741noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-50285320196550402532018-11-04T17:18:00.002-08:002018-11-04T17:18:57.917-08:00Rajputana History-Rao Babbar singh Rathore- who trained Guru Govind SIngh, राव बज्जर सिंह राठौड<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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राजपूतो और सिखों में अलगांव वाद पैदा करने वाले जरा एक बार बज्जर सिंह का चरित्र पढ़ ले - राव बज्जर सिंह राठौड़ के विषय में, जिनका देश के इ<span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; font-family: inherit;">तिहास में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान है बहुत कम लोग इससे परिचित हैँ।</span></div>
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राव बज्जर सिंह राठौड सिक्खो के दसवे गुरू श्री गोविंद सिंह जी के गुरू थे, जिन्होने उनको अस्त्र शस्त्र चलाने मे निपुण बनाया था। बज्जर सिंह जी ने गुरू गोविंद सिंह जी को ना केवल युद्ध की कला सिखाई बल्कि उनको बिना शस्त्र के द्वंद युद्ध, घुड़सवारी, तीरंदाजी मे भी निपुण किया। उन्हे राजपूत -मुगल युद्धो का भी अनुभव था और प्राचीन भारतीय युद्ध कला मे भी पारंगत थे। वो बहुत से खूंखार जानवरो के साथ अपने शिष्यों को लडवाकर उनकी परिक्षा लेते थे। गुरू गोविंद सिंह जी ने अपने ग्रन्थ बिचित्तर नाटक मे इनका वर्णन किया है। उनके द्वारा आम सिक्खो का सैन्यिकरण किया गया जो पहले ज्यादातर किसान और व्यापारी ही थे और भारतीय martial art गटखा का प्रशिक्षण भी दिया, ये केवल सिक्ख ही नही बल्की पूरे देश मे क्रांतिकारी परिवर्तन साबित हुआ।</div>
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राठौड जी की इस विशेषता की तारीफ ये कहकर की जाती है कि जो कला सिर्फ राजपूतों तक सीमित थी उन्होंने मुग़लो से मुकाबले के लिये उसे खत्री सिक्ख गुरूओ को भी सिखाया, जिससे पंजाब में हिन्दुओ की बड़ी आबादी जिसमे आम किसान, मजदूर, व्यापारी आदि शामिल थे, इनका सैन्यकरण करना संभव हो सका।</div>
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=== पारिवारिक पृष्टभूमि ===<br />बज्जर सिंह जी सूर्यवंशी राठौड राजपूत वंश के शासक वर्ग से संबंध रखते थे। वो मारवाड के राठौड राजवंश के वंशंज थे --<br />वंशावली--<br />राव सीहा जी<br />राव अस्थान<br />राव दुहड<br />राव रायपाल<br />राव कान्हापाल<br />राव जलांसी<br />राव चंदा<br />राव टीडा<br />राव सल्खो<br />राव वीरम देव<br />राव चंदा<br />राव रीढमल<br />राव जोधा<br />राव लाखा<br />राव जोना<br />राव रामसिंह प्रथम<br />राव साल्हा<br />राव नत्थू<br />राव उडा<br />राव मंदन<br />राव सुखराज<br />राव रामसिंह द्वितीय<br />बज्जर सिंह की पुत्री भीका देवी का विवाह आलम सिंह चौहान ( नचणा ) से हुआ जिन्होंने गुरू गोविंद सिंह जी के पुत्रो को शस्त्र विधा सिखाई।</div>
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1710 ईस्वी के चॉपरचिरी के युद्ध में इन्होंने भी बुजुर्ग अवस्था में बन्दा बहादुर के साथ मिलकर वजीर खान के विरुद्ध युद्ध किया और अपने प्राणों की आहुति दे दी।</div>
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स्त्रोत : गुरु गोबिंद सिंह जी द्वारा कृत-बिचित्तर नाटक</div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Pradeep Singh http://www.blogger.com/profile/09792755250562479741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-45448430377332854082018-11-04T16:44:00.000-08:002018-11-04T16:44:31.601-08:00Ship building in Ancient India<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The old notion that the Hindus were essentially a landlocked people, lacking in a spirit of adventure and the heart to brave the seas, is now dispelled. The researches of a generation of scholars have proved that from very early times the people of India were distinguished by nautical skill and enterprise, that they went on trading voyages to distant shores across the seas, and even established settlements and colonies in numerous lands and islands.</div>
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In ancient India, owing to the geographical influence, nautical shill and enterprise seems to have been best developed in three widely separated region of the country. These were Bengal, the valley and delta of the Indus, and the extreme south of the Deccan peninsula, called Tamilagam.</div>
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Boat-making and ship-building industries were found in India since ancient times. In the Vedic period, sea was frequently used for trade purposes. The Rig Veda mentions "merchants who crowd the great waters with ships". The Ramayana speaks of merchants who crossed the sea and bought gifts for the king of Ayodhya. Manu legislates for safe carriage and freights by river and sea. In some of the earliest Buddhist literature we read of voyages ‘out of sight’ of land, some lasting six months or so.</div>
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In Kautalya Arthasastra the admiralty figures as a separate department of the War Office; and this is a striking testimony to the importance attached to it from very early times. In the Rg Veda Samhita boats and ships are frequently mentioned. The classical example often quoted by every writer on the subject is the naval expedition of Bhujya who was sent by his father with the ship which had a hundred oars (aritra). Being ship-wrecked he was rescued by the twin Asvins in their boat.<br />
"There was also extensive intercourse of India with foreign countries, including the Mediterranean lands and the African continent, naturally led to piracy on the waters. There then arose the need for the protection of sea-borne trade, and we are told that “at the outset the merchant vessels of India carried a small body of trained archers armed with bows and arrows to repulse the attacks of the pirates, but later they employed guns, cannon and other more deadly weapons of warfare with a few wonderful and delusive contrivances.”<br />
(source: The Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients In the Indian Ocean - William Vincent pp. 457). These are probably the beginnings of the ancient Indian navy.<br />
In the Shanti Parvan (59, 41) of the Mahabharata it is said that the navy is one of the angas (part) of the complete army. Examples of ships being used for military purposes are not lacking. When Vidura scented danger to Kunti’s five sons, he made them escape to the forest with their mother, crossing the Ganges in a boat equipped with weapons having the power of withstanding wind and wave.</div>
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In the Dig Vijaya portion of the Sabha parva, it is said that Sahadeva crossed the sea and brought many islands under his sway after defeating the Mlecchas and other mixed tribes inhabiting them. If this be an historical fact the inference is irresistible that he could not have effected his conquest without the use of boats and vessels. We read in the Ramayana that Durmukha, a Raksasa, who had been fired by the impulse of anger at the deeds of Hanuman, offered his services to Ravana even to fight on the sea.</div>
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This is testimony enough of the use of a fleet for war purposes. There are other references here and there to ships in the Ramayana. When Hanuman was crossing the ocean to Lanka, he is compared to a ship tossed by winds on the high seas. Sugriva speaks of Sumatra, Java and even the Red Sea, when sending forth his monkey hosts in quest of Sita.</div>
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The Amarakosa, mentions a number of nautical terms which stand for ship, anchorage (naubandhana), the helm of the ship (naukarana), the helmsman (naukaranadhara). That there were ships-building yards in different parts could be inferred from a significant term navatakseni occurring in a copper plate grant of Dharmaditya dated 531. A.D.</div>
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About 517 B.C. according to Herodotus, Darius launched a maritime expedition under Skylax of Caryanda to the Indus Delta, and during Alexander’s time, again, we read of the people of the Punjab fitting out a fleet. We have the testimony of Arrian to show that the Xathroi (Kshatri), one of the Punjab tribes, supplied Alexander during his return voyage with thirty oared galleys and transport vessels which were built by them. (source: India and Its Invasion by Alexander p. 156)</div>
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In the Manusamhita (Vii. 192), it is laid down that boats should be employed for military purposes when the theatre of hostilities abounded in water. Kamandaka (XVI, 50) alludes to naval warfare when he says:<br />
"By regular practice one becomes an adept in fighting from chariot, horses, elephants and boats, and a past-master in archery."<br />
Manavadharmasastra refers to sea fights and attests to the use of boats for naval warfare. The sailor is called naukakarmajiva. Thus in Vedic, Epic and the Dharmasastra literature we find that naval warfare is mentioned as a distinct entity, attesting a continuous naval tradition from the earliest times. Yukti-kalpataru specifies one class of ships called agramandira (because they had their cabins towards the prows), as eminently adapted for naval warfare (rane kale ghanatyaye).</div>
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Passing on to other literary evidence, we find in the Raghuvamsa frequent reference to boats and ships. Raghu in the course of his digvijaya conquered Bengal which was protected by a fleet (nausadhanotyatan). In anther place it is mentioned that Raghu marched on Persia through the land route, and not by the sea route, thereby showing that the latter was the more common route.</div>
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Historian Dr. Vincent A. Smith says that ‘the creation of the Admiralty department was an innovation due to the genius of Chandragupta.<br />
"The Admiralty as a department of the State may have been a creation of Chandragupta but there is evidence to show that the use of ships and boats was known to the people of the Rg Veda. "<br />
(source: Early History of India - By Vincent Smith p 133).<br />
In the following passage we have reference to a vessel with a hundred oats.<br />
‘This exploit you achieved, Asvins in the ocean, where there is nothing to give support, nothing to rest upon, nothing to cling to, that you brought Bhujya, sailing in a hundred oared ship, to his father’s house.’<br />
Further on in the Veda, this same vessel is described as a plava which was storm-proof and which presented a pleasing appearance and had wings on its sides. Another reference informs us that Tugra dispatched a fleet of four vessels (Catasro navah) among which was the one referred to above. We may infer from these passages that the Asvins were a great commercial people having their home in a far-off island, and that their ruler Tugra maintained a fleet in the interests of his State. There are also other references in the Rg Veda to show that the ancient Indians were acquainted with the art of navigation. For instance, Varuna is credited with a knowledge of the ocean routes along which vessels sailed.</div>
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The Baudhayana Dharmasastra speaks of Samudrasamyanam and interprets it as nava dvipantaragamanam, i.e. sailing to other lands by ships. This very term occurs in the navadhyaksa section of the Kautaliya Arthasastra.</div>
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The Puranas have several references to the use of ships and boats. The Markandeya Purana speaks of vessels tossing about on the sea. The Varahapurana refers to the people who sailed far into the ocean in search of pearls and oysters. The ships floated daily on the shoreless, deep and fearful waters of the ocean. We are on firmer ground when we see in the Andhra period their coins marked with ships. The ship building activities were great on the east coast, and the Coromandel coast in particular. From this period to about 15th century A.D. there was a regular intercourse with the islands of the Archipelago most of which were colonized and also with ancient America right across the Pacific as testified to us by the archaeological finds and inscriptions in those parts.</div>
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The Pali books of Sri Lanka like the Mahavamsa refers to ocean going vessels carrying 700 passengers. Such frequent intercourse and colonization through the ages could not have been effected without a powerful fleet.</div>
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Ships Landing of Prince Vijaya in Sri Lanka - 543 BC from Ajanta Frescos.<br />
Ajanta painting of a later date depict horses and elephants aboard the ship which carried Prince Vijaya to Sri Lanka.<br />
(source: India Through the ages - By K. M. Panikkar).</div>
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But it is in a later work, the Yuktikalpataru of Bhoja, that we have three classes of ships - the Sarvamandira, the Madhyamandira, and Agramandira. The first was called Sarvamandira because it had apartments all around. In the Sarvamandira were carried treasures, animals, and ladies of the court. This was the vessel ordinarily used by kings in times of peace. The Madhyamandira was so called because the living quarters were situated in the middle. It was a sporting vessel and generally used in the rainy season. The vessel of the third kind, the Agramandira, took its name from the circumstance that the living room was located in front or at the top of the vessel. The Agramandira was used for distant and perilous voyages and also sea-fights.</div>
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There are also in the Yuktikalpataru other references to vessels. There are 27 types of ships mentioned here, the largest having the measurement 276 ft X 36 ft X 27 ft weighing roughly 2,300 tons. The following passage points to the use of ships in warfare. The line: naukadyam vipadam jneyam makes it clear that naval expeditions were common. Under the heading of yanam or march mention is made of expeditions by land, water and air.</div>
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Kautilya remarks:<br />
"Pirate ships (himsrika), boats from an enemy's country when they cross its territorial limits, as well as vessels violating the customs and rules enforced in port towns, should be pursued and destroyed."<br />
It is obvious that the task set forth above could only be performed by armed vessels belonging to the state.</div>
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From this we may conclude that in ancient India ships were employed in warfare at least as early as the Rig Vedic times. It is an incontrovertible fact that there was a naval department in Mauryan times. We have the testimony of Megasthenes that the navy was under a special officer called the Superintendent of Navigation. This official was in turn controlled by the Admiralty department. The officer whom Megasthenes refers to as Superintendent of Navigation is called Navadhyaksa as already seen, in the Arthasastra.</div>
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The Greek accounts bear testimony to the fact that navigation had attained a very high development at the times of Alexander's invasion, for we are told that the invader was able to secure a fleet from the Punjab at short notice. The Arthasastra lays down some healthy regulations relating to navigation. Vessels which gave trouble or were bound for the enemy's country, or transgressed the regulations of port towns were to be destroyed.</div>
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A considerable ship building activity is evident on the west coast of India also as noted in the Sangam works of the Tamils. South India carried on political and commercial activities as far as the Mediterranean in the early centuries of the Christian era and before. The great Ceran Senguttavan had a fleet under him.</div>
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Turning to the history of South India, we have evidence to show that the country had trade and culture contacts with foreign countries like Rome in the west and Malay Archipelago and South east Asia in the east. Yavana ships laden with articles of merchandise visited the west coast frequently. There was active foreign trade between Tamil Indian and the outer world at least from the time of Soloman, i.e. about 1000 B.C. Roman historians refer to the commercial intercourse that existed between Rome and South India. In the first century before Christ we hear of a Pandyan embassy to Augustus Caesar. (refer to Periplus translated by Schoff p. 46).</div>
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The Sangam classics point to the profession of pearl-diving and sea-fisheries on a large scale. We hear of shipwrecks of the early Tamils saved now and then by Manimekhalai, the goddess of the sea.</div>
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(Note: ancient Tamil tradition traces its origins to a submerged island or continent, Kumari Kandam, situated to the south of India. The Tamil epics Shilappadikaram and Manimekhalai provide glorious descriptions of the legendary city and port of Puhar, which the second text says was swallowed by the sea.</div>
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As in the case of Dwaraka, (please refer to chapter on Dwaraka and Aryan Invasion Theory), initial findings at and off Poompuhar, at the mouth of the Cauvery, show that there may well be a historical basis to this legend: apart from several structures excavated near the shore, such as brick walls, water reservoirs, even a wharf (all dated 200-300 B.C.), a few years ago a structure tantalizingly described as a "U-shaped stone structure" was found five kilometers offshore, at a depth of twenty-three meters; it is about forty meters long and twenty wide, and fishermen traditionally believed that a submerged temple existed at that exact spot. If the structure is confirmed to be man-made (and not a natural formation), its great depth would certainly push back the antiquity of Puhar.</div>
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Only more systematic explorations along Tamil Nadu's coast, especially at Poompuhar, Mahabalipuram, and around Kanyakumari (where fishermen have long reported submerged structures too) can throw more light on the lost cities, and on the traditions of Kumari Kandam, which some have sought to identify with the mythical Lemuria).</div>
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ancient city in India.</div>
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We have the account of a Cera King conquering the Kadamba in the midst of sea waters. The Cera King Senguttuvan had a fleet with which he defeated the Yavanas who were punished with their hands being tied behind their backs and the pouring of oil on their heads. The Cholas also maintained a strong fleet with which they not only invaded and subjugated Lanka but also undertook overseas expeditions. Among the conquests of Rajaraja, Lanka was one, and his invasion of that island finds expression in the Tiruvalangadu plates, where it is described as follows:<br />
"Rama built, with the aid of the monkeys, a causeway over the sea and then slew with great difficulty the king of Lanka by means of sharp-edged arrows. But Rama was excelled by this (king) whose powerful army crossed the ocean in ships and burnt the king of Lanka."<br />
Rajaraja also sent an expedition against the Twelve Thousand Islands, obviously a reference to the Laccadives and Maldives. Friendly embassies were also sent by the Chola king to China.</div>
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From the evidence of the Mahvamsa as well as from a few inscriptions we are able to gather some information regarding the diplomatic relations that existed between India and Sri Lanka. We have the story of Vijaya and his followers occupying the island about 543 B.C. Vijaya was a prince of North India who was banished from the kingdom by his father. Passing through the southern Magadha country he sailed to Sri Lanka, according to the Rajavali, in a fleet carrying more than 700 soliders, defeated the Yaksas inhabiting it, and settled there permanently.</div>
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This story is illustrated in the Ajanta frescoes.</div>
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Numerous ships carried the troops of Rajendra to Sri Vijaya and its dependencies which he conquered. Among the places conquered were Pannai (Pani or Panei on the east coast of Sumatra), Malaiyur (at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula), Mappappalam ( a place in the Talaing country of Lower Burma), Mudammalingam (a place facing the gulf of Siam), Nakkavaram (the Nicobar islands. Besides, active trade was carried on between South India and China during this period.</div>
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At the end of the 10th century the Chinese emperor sent a mission to the Chola king with credentials under the imperial seal and provisions of gold and piece-goods to induce the foreign traders of the South Sea and those who went to foreign lands beyond the sea for trade to come to China.</div>
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The facts clearly show that the Cholas maintained supremacy over the sea and kept a strong and powerful navy which was useful not only for carrying on extensive commerce with foreign countries but also for conducting military expeditions. During the days of the Kakatiyas of Warangal, Motupalle (Guntur District) was the chief port, on the east coast. Ganapatideva, the Kakatiya ruler, extirpated piracy on the sea and made the sea safe for commerce with foreign countries like China and Zanzibar. This policy was pursued by Rudramba, his daughter.</div>
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Vijayanagar kingdom also claimed supremacy over the sea. Since the days of Harihara I the rulers of Vijayanagar took the title of the Lord of the Eastern, Western and Southern oceans; and there were 300 ports in the empire. The activities of the Vijayanagar fleet on the west coast are also referred to by the Portuguese in 1506.</div>
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The Vijayanagar kings sent friendly embassies to foreign courts. 'Bukka I sent an embassy through his chief explainer to the court of Taitsu, the King Emperor of China, with tributes and large presents, among which was a stone which was valuable in neutralizing poison.</div>
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Accounts of Foreign Travelers to India</div>
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Coming to later times we have the account of Hiuen Tsang who notices a fleet of 3,000 sail belonging to the King os Assam. There is inscriptional evidence of the possession of a fleet under the Kakatiyas and the Cholas in South india. Marco Polo testifies to the huge size and efficient construction of Indian vessels while Yule in his Cathey refers to Rajput ships en route to China.</div>
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Marco Polo, a famous Venetian traveler who visited India in 13th Century also visited Thane Port. The first chapter of his book which deals with India is almost devoted to shipbuilding industry in India. Friar Odoric of Pordenone, an Italian Monk who visited India in 14th Century, in his account of his voyage across the Indian Ocean, a mention is made of ships which can carry 700 people.<br />
"Ships of size that carried Fahien from India to China (through stormy China water) were certainly capable of proceeding all the way to Mexico and Peru by crossing the Pacific. One thousand years before the birth of Columbus Indian ships were far superior to any made in Europe upto the 18th century."<br />
(source: The Civilizations of Ancient America: The Selected Papers of the XXIXth International Congress of Americanists - edited Sol Tax 1951).<br />
Ludovico di Varthema (1503 A. D) saw vessels of 1,000 tons burden built at Masulipatnam. According to Dr. Vincent, India built great sized vessels from the time of Agathareids (171 B.C.) to the 16th century. And no wonder the Portuguese, when they first landed at the west coast, were carried away by the excellent Indian vessels. Later still, the Vijayanagar Empire, which had as many as 300 ports, had a powerful fleet. The naval commander was styled Naviyadaprabhu.</div>
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India has a coastline of about 6300 km. Extensive new archaeological, epigraphical, sculptural and literary material has been added to our knowledge since the early decades of this century. Dr. Radha Kumud Mookerji's Book Indian Shipping - A History of the Sea-Borne Trade and Marine Activity of The Indians From The Earliest Times published in 1912 Orient, is the most comprehensive study of Indian Navigation up to that period.</div>
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We now know that many ports on both Eastern and Western Coast had navigational and trade links with almost all Continents of the world. There are many natural and technological reasons for this. Apart from Mathematics and Astronomy, India had excellent manufacturing skills in textile, metal works and paints. India had abundant supply of Timber. Indian - built ships were superior as they were built of Teak which resists the effect of salt water and weather for a very long time.<br />
"The art of Navigation was born in river Sindhu 6000 years ago. The very word navigation is derived from Sanskrit word Nav (or Nav-ship) Gatih."<br />
Lieut. Col. A.Walker's paper: "Considerations of the affairs of India" written in 1811 had excellent remarks on Bombay-built ships.</div>
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He notes,<br />
"situated as she is between the forests of Malabar and Gujarat, she receives supplies of timber with every wind that blows."</div>
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Further he says, "it is calculated that every ship in the Navy of Great Britain is renewed every twelve years. It is well known that teakwood built ships last fifty years and upwards. Many ships Bombay-built after running fourteen or fifteen years have been brought into the Navy and were considered as stronger as ever. The Sir Edward Hughes performed, I believe, eight voyages as an Indiaman before she was purchased for the Navy. No Europe-built Indiaman is capable of going more than six voyages with safety."<br />
He has also further noted that Bombay-built ships are at least one-fourth cheaper than those built in the docks of England. Francois Balazar Solvyns, a Belgian/Flemish maritime painter, wrote a book titled Les Hindous in 1811.</div>
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His remarks are,<br />
"In ancient times, the Indians excelled in the art of constructing vessels, and the present Hindus can in this respect still offer models to Europe-so much so that the English, attentive to everything which relates to naval architecture, have borrowed from the Hindus many improvement which they have adopted with success to their own shipping.... The Indian vessels unite elegance and utility and are models of patience and fine workmanship."<br />
(source: <a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="async" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orientalthane.com%2Fspeeches%2Fspeech_2.htm%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR29df-CBOyAY1hI_4yqVajzSYLcZ2Md3_EklGz6rGQFGBX1HFz1Nsamzt0&h=AT0PhDNZMM7Bur7oKMYG5cNkgXpRf85rbscbWeNYvFKDeNQtzKDr1HG566wbqkNo_6JR5oPgdwUvr1QKskr9zcgv7oeAtWWvlfu7mW50PfCHNDoVg5xUfQvwOXSuKL1757e405p_T9WQCRea4HNsJiKxaJFw1_s-GvK92umdV0k5ICnV6y-8DCVin3RD386acfFb8I-jljn5QZlcSmXwS-bXz_26KbMjWqAlxUnBUohd6x6yHmkpsJvqOLF6trwCjovwsvamZ0DLBHLx0SXz7Zbt2lgUlonVpyeu9k0UC8OFANo8JW-g1ISUrys5v11FCxMe4cL9c4_cevtldDFY3nOaW_EkYQalLZScsptQQSD87mdyD-NentaPfzlA88OUFy8PiuYP0PpntxrdGdDg9zN9hBuD556EFUNoZCDGeAlzfqGOvvRSQqYe6oHKHPnchmeyYbUH37CUN_tOTO0m7yPlr12HDULNKA" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">http://www.orientalthane.com/speeches/speech_2.htm</a>).<br />
Surprisingly, many earlier western traders and travelers have expressed the same views. Madapollum was a flourishing shipping centre. Thomas Bowrey, an English traveler who visited India during 1669-79, observes,<br />
"many English merchants and others have their ships and vessels yearly built (at Madapollum). Here is the best and well grown timber in sufficient plenty, the best iron upon the coast, any sort of ironwork is ingeniously performed by the natives, as spikes, bolts, anchors, and the like. Very expert master-builders there are several here, they build very well, and launch with as much discretion as I have seen in any part of the world. They have an excellent way of making shrouds, stays, or any other rigging for ships".<br />
A Venetian traveler of 16th Century Cesare de Federici, while commenting on the East Coast of India has noted that there is an abundance of material for ship building in this area and many Sultans of Constantinople found it cheaper to have their vessels built in India than at Alexandria.</div>
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Nicolo Conti who visited India in 15th century was impressed by the quality Indians had achieved in ship building. He observes:<br />
"The nations of India build some ships larger than ours, capable of containing 2,000 butts, and with five sails and as many masts. The lower part is constructed with triple planks, in order to withstand the force of the tempests to which they are much exposed. But some ships are so built in compartments that should one part be shattered, the other portion remaining entire may accomplish the voyage."<br />
J. Ovington, Chaplain to the British King, the seventeenth-century English traveler, who visited Surat, wrote a book A Voyage to Surat in the Year 1689. He was impressed by the skill of the Indians in ship-building and found that they even outshone Europeans. The timber used by the Indians was so strong that it would not ‘crack’ even by the force of a bullet so he urged the English to use that timber ‘to help them in war’. Indian Teak stood firmer than the English Oak, remarked Ovington.</div>
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Thomas Herbert, a traveler who visited Surat in 1627, has given an interesting account of the arrival, loading and unloading of ships through small boats at Swally marine (Sohaly), a few kilometres away from Surat. He remarked that between September and March every year, the port of Sohaly presented a very busy and noisy scene for there came many ships from foreign lands. The merchants (baniyas) erected their straw huts in large numbers all along the sea coast, making the whole place thus look like a country fair. The merchants sold various commodities like calicoes, ivory, agates, etc.</div>
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Many small boys engaged by the merchants were seen running about doing odd jobs. The English found that the small boats used and constructed by the natives could be of immense use. This was a definite gain for both nations. Boats and rafts were used as a means of conveyance for loading and unloading ships. There were about 4200 big and 4400 small boats. There were large-sized boats that could carry even elephants. The boats used by kings and nobles were designed to look artistic.</div>
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Abul Fazl writes about the "wonderfully fashioned boats with delightful quarters and decks and gardens"</div>
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Among the primitive Indian boats, the cattarmaran comes first. It consisted of three logs and three spreaders and cross lashings. The centre log was the largest, and pointed towards one end. Mainly fishermen used the cattarmaran for fishing. A little more skillfully made is the musoola boat, which has no iron fastening. It was mostly used in the Coromandel coast.</div>
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Dr John Fryer says,<br />
"It is possible that the name musoola may be connected with Masulipatarn where boats seem to have been in use".<br />
Another boat made in an indigenous manner was known as dingy. It was hollowed out from a single trunk. Lower down the Ganga, the name was applied to boats half-decked, half wagon-roofed and built of planks.</div>
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Purqoo was another type of boat described by Thomas Bowery. It plied between the Hooghly and Balasore. These boats were made very strong to carry ‘sufficient load’. They were also used for loading ships. they could remain in water for a long time without getting damaged. As compared to the purqoo, boora was a ‘lighter boat’ which rowed with 29 or 30 oars. These boats were also used for carrying saltpeter and other commodities. (source: Coastal trade flourished with Europeans - By Pramod Sangar).</div>
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Sir John Malcolm (1769 - 1833) was a Scottish soldier, statesman, and historian entered the service of the East India Company wrote about Indian vessels that they:<br />
"Indian vessels are so admirably adapted to the purpose for which they are required that, notwithstanding their superior science, Europeans were unable, during an intercourse with India for two centuries, to suggest or to bring into successful practice one improvement."<br />
(source: Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. I and India and World Civilization - By D P Singhal part II p. 76 - 77).<br />
In the middle of the 18th century, John Grose noted that at Surat the Indian ship-building industry was very well established, indeed, “They built incomparably the best ships in the world for duration”, and of all sizes with a capacity of over a thousand tons. Their design appeared to him to be a “a bit clumsy” but their durability soundly impressed him. They lasted “for a century”.</div>
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Lord Grenville mentions, in this connection, a ship built in Surat which continued to navigate up the Red Sea from 1702 when it was first mentioned in Dutch letters as “the old ships” up to the year 1700.” Grenville also noted that ships of war and merchandise “not exceeding 500 tons” were being built” with facility, convenience and cheapness” at the ports of Coringa and Narsapore.</div>
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Dr. H. Scott sent samples of dammer to London, as this vegetable substance was used by the Indians to line the bottom of their ships; he thought it would be a good substitute,<br />
“in this country for the materials which are brought from the northern nations for our navy…There can be no doubt that you would find dammer in this way an excellent substitute for pitch and tar and for many purposes much superior to them.”<br />
source: Decolonizing History: Technology and Culture in India, China and the West 1492 to the Present Day - By Claude Alvares p. 68-69).<br />
Alain Danielou (1907- 1994) son of French aristocracy, author of numerous books on philosophy, religion, history and arts of India has written:<br />
"India's naval dockyards, which belonged to the state, were famous throughout history. The sailors were paid by the state, and the admiral of the fleet hired the ships and crew to tradesmen for transporting goods and passengers. When the British annexed the country much later on, they utilized the Indian dockyards - which were much better organized then those in the West - to build most of the ships for the British navy, for as long as ships were made of wood."<br />
(source: A Brief History of India - By Alain Danielou p. 106).</div>
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"...an Indian naval pilot, named Kanha, was hired by Vasco da Gama to take him to India. Contrary to European portrayals that Indians knew only coastal navigation, deep-sea shipping had existed in India. Indian ships had been sailing to islands such as the Andamans, Lakshdweep and Maldives, around 2,000 years ago. Kautiliya's shastras describe the times that are good and bad for seafaring. In the medieval period, Arab sailors purchased their boats in India. The Portuguese also continued to get their boats from India, and not from Europe. Shipbuilding and exporting was a major Indian industry, until the British banned it. There is extensive archival material on the Indian Ocean trade in Greek, Roman, and Southeast Asian sources."<br />
(source: History of Indian Science & Technology).<br />
India became the first power to defeat a European power in a naval battle - The Battle of Colachel in 1742 CE.</div>
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A dramatic and virtually unknown past, in an area of bucolic calm surrounded by spectacular hills: that is Colachel, a name that should be better known to us. For this is where, in 1741, an extraordinary event took place -- the Battle of Colachel. For the first, and perhaps the only time in Indian history, an Indian kingdom defeated a European naval force.</div>
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The ruler of Travancore, Marthanda Varma, routed an invading Dutch fleet; the Dutch commander, Delannoy, joined the Travancore army and served for decades; the Dutch never recovered from this debacle and were never again a colonial threat to India.</div>
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The ruler of Travancore, Marthanda Varma, routed an invading Dutch fleet;<br />
the Dutch commander, Delannoy, joined the Travancore army and served for decades;<br />
the Dutch never recovered from this debacle and were never again a colonial threat to India.</div>
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The Battle of Colachel in 1742 CE, where Marthanda Varma of Travancore crushed a Dutch expeditionary fleet near Kanyakumari. The defeat was so total that the Dutch captain, Delannoy, joined the Travancore forces and served loyally for 35 years--and his tomb is still in a coastal fort there. So it wasn't the Japanese in the Yellow Sea in 1905 under Admiral Tojo who were the first Asian power to defeat a European power in a naval battle--it was little Travancore.</div>
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The Portuguese and the Dutch were trying to gain political power in India at that time. Marthanda Varma defeated the Dutch in 1741. He was an able ruler. He established peace in his country - Travancore. It was a remarkable achievement for a small princely state. (source: The Battle of Colachel: In remembrance of things past - By Rajeev Srinivasan - <a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="async" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Frediff.com%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR2ta_UFRD1atYYo7fDybl8JtrcBXPce_D3wnr4lMmESyn5REtLiztbbtEw&h=AT0F00vFYLp_s9elWQ7uvBh515MbBcKwL3__xq0G9_HQnT8RWn_AO_iQxQlhS7d71TTZ_r93pWd0pA_iAjaodyKOVcX_t6Ek9iv3ZCaqsxiKZ2B9H3vMnynpAIfyQwn0VmBhrahodFUMvz03TCgH5z7WUL5Xg-AxGwcEcIEQuGRKNRI4V0_R3eToVPT8w-dmefBHCHGBXkHfoWf7ePt0bVqCzcmCOpYORwstYDqWhIJH12f5oGD8Dt3r4fkyQjfYzuGK6kS8xqT3e9Ql5h_4W087gosFX1fM73gqwW_gKOmAmm2xdCb6wMaEUQ1jwxSRT4Ehty5vktBzVegS6XG03I4eo-IBe1KzSzzsgYqAPsHPMtzBhmMgCkJlNxJ2hvOz6bad9Tz8ZPGUHbyLablCgwDhLKigI7bMOr1lpOqXYwQ5VFKgiYwAtrbUSNnGJxu-OVFtRa9FfLF6KlW_eIadjYpwD6iqU0m-SQ" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">rediff.com</a> and <a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="async" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kerala.com%2Fkera%2Fculture1.htm%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR22hcpH-8h0cDtpHjdROrOeKG7JB0whiakaVzwsLqbwxDF7JGMqmYSRrXk&h=AT3jj_HW8aySh3wOQmEPu-TMifpuxL3xP9Xbiw5-T8r8jFPc895SPYoCR_xiHYU3g13SuwL93PKGuUkNW0pXHHionLPfQJY2k4MCnnhH1l1y-dkgwMgIFemIVb7tHcjRVvNRsom22UUI8RbAPUPza9pJrSRRdnFPTmxviu1ppfUq6PEuVQ2FxH3lJnAqnKKQbe2s6ggsa5pDQX1I2tfkr_nKwKyyOOlXhjI00t0EUj3jNVzcw2p137tqThHiVy1hbwmouiWVHsjXn_h0qwMtvHhilv5ilmLtOaXCUwRU1JIiJ9UEYXMB4jDlKRNHJD9VbTcjKaonF8WpOrmUhWoyM4-kyeCQQg8aiaizSnsfcBj0zj6bhIPyYgIyqDqNcDFLrqJ7sPCDA8MABUtGyXFFoKMtixROJHyw23543HbQs9TnmggZz7aepVI2sX1rtd-J4W9wyLQAGErJmOzvJQ7K-iGcaf-g5Ky_0g" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">http://www.kerala.com/kera/culture1.htm</a>).</div>
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Back to Contents</div>
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Diplomacy and War</div>
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Not withstanding the elaborate rule of war laid down in the epics and the law-books, insisting in the main that to wage war was the duty and privilege of every true Ksatriya, in several cases the horrors of war made the belligerent think of the consequences and avoid outbreak of hostilities by a well calculated policy which we now term diplomacy.</div>
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King seeking counsel.</div>
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Negotiation, persuasion and conciliation were cardinal points of the ancient Indian diplomatic system, and were effective instruments in averting many a war, which would otherwise have realized in much bloodshed and economic distress.</div>
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The political term for diplomacy is naya, and the opinion of Kautalya, the eminent politician of the 4th century B.C., a king who understands the true implications of diplomacy conquers the whole earth.</div>
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The history of diplomacy in ancient India commences with the Rig Veda Samhita, and the date of its composition may be taken as far back as the Chalcolithic period. In the battles the help of Agni is invoked to overcome enemies. He is to be the deceiver of foes. In pursuing his mission to a successful end, the use of spies is mentioned. This bears eloquent testimony to the system of espionage prevalent so early as the time of the Rig Veda Samhita. In the battle of the Ten Kings described in the seventh mandala, we find diplomacy of rulers getting supplemented by its association with priestly diplomacy, which exercised a healthy influence on the constitutional evolution.</div>
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International Relations - The picture presented in the epics and the Arthasastra literature seems to be confined to the four corners of Bharatkhanda. The intercourse as envisaged in the literature, shows relations to be more commerical than political in character.</div>
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Strabo quotes Megasthenes and says that Indians were not engaged in wars with foreigners outside India nor was their country invaded by foreign power except by Hercules and Dionsysius and lately by the Macedonians. There were friendly relations of Chandragupta with Seleukos Nikator, of Bindusara with Antiochus, of Asoka and Samadragupta with Lanka, of Pulaskesi with Persians, of Harsha with Nepal and China, of the Cholas with Sri Vijaya.<br />
"It was always regarded as a legitimate object of the ambition of every king to aim at the position of Cakravartin or Sarvabhuuma (paramount sovereign or of supreme monarch)."<br />
This ambition was legitimate and had no narrow outlook about it. It was a fruit to be sought after by every one of the monarchs comprising the mandala. If the king is not actuated by this idea, he falls short of an ideal king according to the Hindu Rajadharma.</div>
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Diplomatic agents - ambassadors</div>
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Bhisma mentions seven qualifications as essential in an ambassador: he should come from a noble line, belong to a high family, be skilful, eloquent of speech, true in delivering the mission, and of excellent memory.</div>
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Espionage in War</div>
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Spies filled an important role in both the civil and military affairs of ancient India. The institution of spies had a greater utility, as the king could take action on the report of the spies. Spies were engaged to look after the home officials, including those of the royal household as well as to report on the doings in the enemy kingdoms. The Rig Veda Samhita, often speaks of spies (spasah) of Varuna.</div>
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Only men of wisdom and purity were sent on this errand, thus suggesting that they should be persons above corruption and temptation of any sort. In the epics and post-epic literature in general, spies have been described as the 'eyes of the king'. In the Udyoga-parva (33, 34) of Mahabharata, it is stated that "cows see by smell, priests by knowledge, kings by spies, and others through eyes."</div>
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Spies roamed about in foreign states under various disguises to collect reliable information. In the Ramayana, a king mentions the wise adage that "the enemy, whose secrets have been known through espionage, can be conquered without much effort." The Arthashastra, which predates Christ by centuries, dwells at length on the importance of espionage and the creation of an effective spy network.</div>
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Such details may indicate the high development of the science of diplomacy in ancient India. It was the famous Indian strategist of the fourth-century B.C, Kautilya in the Arthasastra, who gave the world the dictum:<br />
"The enemy of my enemy is my friend."</div>
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"The same style of Indian thought" says Heinrich Zimmer in his book, Philosophies of India, p. 139, admiringly of Kautilya, "that invented the game of chess grasped with profound insight the rules of this larger game of power."</div>
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Attitude to war</div>
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The Sangam age of the Tamils was the heroic age of the Tamil Indians. If the men of the Tamil land were heroes, then their women were heroines. A certain mother was asked where her son was, and she replied, that she was sure that the tiger that had lain in her womb would be found in the field of battle. War was the pabulum on which our ancient warriors were great in name and fame.</div>
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A certain lady who gave birth to only one son and who sent him to the field of battle when there was the country's call for it. Okkurmasattiyar, a poetess, praises a certain lady dresses the hair of her only son and gives him the armor to get ready for action in the field of battle. This may be contrasted with another where a heroic mother heard the disquieting news that her son lost his courage in action and had fled in fear.</div>
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If it were true, she expressed that she would cut off her breasts that had fed him with milk. With this determination she entered the battle-field with sword in her hand and went on searching for her fallen son. When she saw her son's body cut in twain, she felt much more happy than when she gave birth to him. (source: Puram 277 and 279 - in Tamil ).</div>
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Flags - The origin and use of flags can be traced to the earliest Indian literature, the Rig Veda Samhita. The term deaja occurs twice in the Veda. Besides, dhvaja, we meet with a good number of expressions for a banner in Vedic literature. These are Akra, Krtadhvaja, Ketu, Brhatketu, Sahasraketu. It appears that the Vedic host aimed their arrows at the banners of the enemy.</div>
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The idea was that once the banner was captured, or struck, a claim was made for success in the battle over the enemy. Ketu was a small flag as contrasted with Brhatketu or the big flag. Sahasraketu may be a thousand flag, or as the knight who brought under control a thousand flags of enemies. We are told that banners and drums were counted among the insignia of ancient Vedic kings. In the Mahabharata war, every leader had his own insignia to distinguish one division from the other.</div>
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Arjuna had the Kapidhvaja or the flag with the figure of Hanuman, Bhisma, Taladhvaja, cognizance of a palmyra tree etc.</div>
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SOURCE : Bibliotecapleyades</div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Pradeep Singh http://www.blogger.com/profile/09792755250562479741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-29352231856527178912018-11-04T16:28:00.001-08:002018-11-04T16:28:53.579-08:00Ship building technology of Ancient India- Western lied about it<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg00dtSqtsLuH_HOrvJaBlJm5QyjGp7xBvFNY9n2hsNvIIriQYwERR2xWvdbC3jj8OP8IBx5BbcQ8FS7LzYt2XNrpsdNOs5qAOkHRSp-mN0kM6VVCRox3zyxAnYKE78cRBnr057YJ4vScAN/s1600/ancient+indian+shpping.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="416" data-original-width="518" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg00dtSqtsLuH_HOrvJaBlJm5QyjGp7xBvFNY9n2hsNvIIriQYwERR2xWvdbC3jj8OP8IBx5BbcQ8FS7LzYt2XNrpsdNOs5qAOkHRSp-mN0kM6VVCRox3zyxAnYKE78cRBnr057YJ4vScAN/s640/ancient+indian+shpping.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The old notion that the Hindus were essentially a landlocked people, lacking in a spirit of adventure and the heart to brave the seas, is now dispelled. The researches of a generation of scholars have proved that from very early times the people of India were distinguished by nautical skill and enterprise, that they went on trading voyages to distant shores across the seas, and even established settlements and colonies in numerous lands and islands.</div>
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In ancient India, owing to the geographical influence, nautical shill and enterprise seems to have been best developed in three widely separated region of the country. These were Bengal, the valley and delta of the Indus, and the extreme south of the Deccan peninsula, called Tamilagam.</div>
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Boat-making and ship-building industries were found in India since ancient times. In the Vedic period, sea was frequently used for trade purposes. The Rig Veda mentions "merchants who crowd the great waters with ships". The Ramayana speaks of merchants who crossed the sea and bought gifts for the king of Ayodhya. Manu legislates for safe carriage and freights by river and sea. In some of the earliest Buddhist literature we read of voyages ‘out of sight’ of land, some lasting six months or so.</div>
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In Kautalya Arthasastra the admiralty figures as a separate department of the War Office; and this is a striking testimony to the importance attached to it from very early times. In the Rg Veda Samhita boats and ships are frequently mentioned. The classical example often quoted by every writer on the subject is the naval expedition of Bhujya who was sent by his father with the ship which had a hundred oars (aritra). Being ship-wrecked he was rescued by the twin Asvins in their boat.<br />"There was also extensive intercourse of India with foreign countries, including the Mediterranean lands and the African continent, naturally led to piracy on the waters. There then arose the need for the protection of sea-borne trade, and we are told that “at the outset the merchant vessels of India carried a small body of trained archers armed with bows and arrows to repulse the attacks of the pirates, but later they employed guns, cannon and other more deadly weapons of warfare with a few wonderful and delusive contrivances.”<br />(source: The Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients In the Indian Ocean - William Vincent pp. 457). These are probably the beginnings of the ancient Indian navy.<br />In the Shanti Parvan (59, 41) of the Mahabharata it is said that the navy is one of the angas (part) of the complete army. Examples of ships being used for military purposes are not lacking. When Vidura scented danger to Kunti’s five sons, he made them escape to the forest with their mother, crossing the Ganges in a boat equipped with weapons having the power of withstanding wind and wave.</div>
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In the Dig Vijaya portion of the Sabha parva, it is said that Sahadeva crossed the sea and brought many islands under his sway after defeating the Mlecchas and other mixed tribes inhabiting them. If this be an historical fact the inference is irresistible that he could not have effected his conquest without the use of boats and vessels. We read in the Ramayana that Durmukha, a Raksasa, who had been fired by the impulse of anger at the deeds of Hanuman, offered his services to Ravana even to fight on the sea.</div>
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This is testimony enough of the use of a fleet for war purposes. There are other references here and there to ships in the Ramayana. When Hanuman was crossing the ocean to Lanka, he is compared to a ship tossed by winds on the high seas. Sugriva speaks of Sumatra, Java and even the Red Sea, when sending forth his monkey hosts in quest of Sita.</div>
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The Amarakosa, mentions a number of nautical terms which stand for ship, anchorage (naubandhana), the helm of the ship (naukarana), the helmsman (naukaranadhara). That there were ships-building yards in different parts could be inferred from a significant term navatakseni occurring in a copper plate grant of Dharmaditya dated 531. A.D.</div>
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About 517 B.C. according to Herodotus, Darius launched a maritime expedition under Skylax of Caryanda to the Indus Delta, and during Alexander’s time, again, we read of the people of the Punjab fitting out a fleet. We have the testimony of Arrian to show that the Xathroi (Kshatri), one of the Punjab tribes, supplied Alexander during his return voyage with thirty oared galleys and transport vessels which were built by them. (source: India and Its Invasion by Alexander p. 156)</div>
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In the Manusamhita (Vii. 192), it is laid down that boats should be employed for military purposes when the theatre of hostilities abounded in water. Kamandaka (XVI, 50) alludes to naval warfare when he says:<br />"By regular practice one becomes an adept in fighting from chariot, horses, elephants and boats, and a past-master in archery."<br />Manavadharmasastra refers to sea fights and attests to the use of boats for naval warfare. The sailor is called naukakarmajiva. Thus in Vedic, Epic and the Dharmasastra literature we find that naval warfare is mentioned as a distinct entity, attesting a continuous naval tradition from the earliest times. Yukti-kalpataru specifies one class of ships called agramandira (because they had their cabins towards the prows), as eminently adapted for naval warfare (rane kale ghanatyaye).</div>
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Passing on to other literary evidence, we find in the Raghuvamsa frequent reference to boats and ships. Raghu in the course of his digvijaya conquered Bengal which was protected by a fleet (nausadhanotyatan). In anther place it is mentioned that Raghu marched on Persia through the land route, and not by the sea route, thereby showing that the latter was the more common route.</div>
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Historian Dr. Vincent A. Smith says that ‘the creation of the Admiralty department was an innovation due to the genius of Chandragupta.<br />"The Admiralty as a department of the State may have been a creation of Chandragupta but there is evidence to show that the use of ships and boats was known to the people of the Rg Veda. "<br />(source: Early History of India - By Vincent Smith p 133).<br />In the following passage we have reference to a vessel with a hundred oats.<br />‘This exploit you achieved, Asvins in the ocean, where there is nothing to give support, nothing to rest upon, nothing to cling to, that you brought Bhujya, sailing in a hundred oared ship, to his father’s house.’<br />Further on in the Veda, this same vessel is described as a plava which was storm-proof and which presented a pleasing appearance and had wings on its sides. Another reference informs us that Tugra dispatched a fleet of four vessels (Catasro navah) among which was the one referred to above. We may infer from these passages that the Asvins were a great commercial people having their home in a far-off island, and that their ruler Tugra maintained a fleet in the interests of his State. There are also other references in the Rg Veda to show that the ancient Indians were acquainted with the art of navigation. For instance, Varuna is credited with a knowledge of the ocean routes along which vessels sailed.</div>
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The Baudhayana Dharmasastra speaks of Samudrasamyanam and interprets it as nava dvipantaragamanam, i.e. sailing to other lands by ships. This very term occurs in the navadhyaksa section of the Kautaliya Arthasastra.</div>
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The Puranas have several references to the use of ships and boats. The Markandeya Purana speaks of vessels tossing about on the sea. The Varahapurana refers to the people who sailed far into the ocean in search of pearls and oysters. The ships floated daily on the shoreless, deep and fearful waters of the ocean. We are on firmer ground when we see in the Andhra period their coins marked with ships. The ship building activities were great on the east coast, and the Coromandel coast in particular. From this period to about 15th century A.D. there was a regular intercourse with the islands of the Archipelago most of which were colonized and also with ancient America right across the Pacific as testified to us by the archaeological finds and inscriptions in those parts.</div>
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The Pali books of Sri Lanka like the Mahavamsa refers to ocean going vessels carrying 700 passengers. Such frequent intercourse and colonization through the ages could not have been effected without a powerful fleet.</div>
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Ships Landing of Prince Vijaya in Sri Lanka - 543 BC from Ajanta Frescos.<br />Ajanta painting of a later date depict horses and elephants aboard the ship which carried Prince Vijaya to Sri Lanka.<br />(source: India Through the ages - By K. M. Panikkar).</div>
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But it is in a later work, the Yuktikalpataru of Bhoja, that we have three classes of ships - the Sarvamandira, the Madhyamandira, and Agramandira. The first was called Sarvamandira because it had apartments all around. In the Sarvamandira were carried treasures, animals, and ladies of the court. This was the vessel ordinarily used by kings in times of peace. The Madhyamandira was so called because the living quarters were situated in the middle. It was a sporting vessel and generally used in the rainy season. The vessel of the third kind, the Agramandira, took its name from the circumstance that the living room was located in front or at the top of the vessel. The Agramandira was used for distant and perilous voyages and also sea-fights.</div>
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There are also in the Yuktikalpataru other references to vessels. There are 27 types of ships mentioned here, the largest having the measurement 276 ft X 36 ft X 27 ft weighing roughly 2,300 tons. The following passage points to the use of ships in warfare. The line: naukadyam vipadam jneyam makes it clear that naval expeditions were common. Under the heading of yanam or march mention is made of expeditions by land, water and air.</div>
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Kautilya remarks:<br />"Pirate ships (himsrika), boats from an enemy's country when they cross its territorial limits, as well as vessels violating the customs and rules enforced in port towns, should be pursued and destroyed."<br />It is obvious that the task set forth above could only be performed by armed vessels belonging to the state.</div>
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From this we may conclude that in ancient India ships were employed in warfare at least as early as the Rig Vedic times. It is an incontrovertible fact that there was a naval department in Mauryan times. We have the testimony of Megasthenes that the navy was under a special officer called the Superintendent of Navigation. This official was in turn controlled by the Admiralty department. The officer whom Megasthenes refers to as Superintendent of Navigation is called Navadhyaksa as already seen, in the Arthasastra.</div>
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The Greek accounts bear testimony to the fact that navigation had attained a very high development at the times of Alexander's invasion, for we are told that the invader was able to secure a fleet from the Punjab at short notice. The Arthasastra lays down some healthy regulations relating to navigation. Vessels which gave trouble or were bound for the enemy's country, or transgressed the regulations of port towns were to be destroyed.</div>
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A considerable ship building activity is evident on the west coast of India also as noted in the Sangam works of the Tamils. South India carried on political and commercial activities as far as the Mediterranean in the early centuries of the Christian era and before. The great Ceran Senguttavan had a fleet under him.</div>
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Turning to the history of South India, we have evidence to show that the country had trade and culture contacts with foreign countries like Rome in the west and Malay Archipelago and South east Asia in the east. Yavana ships laden with articles of merchandise visited the west coast frequently. There was active foreign trade between Tamil Indian and the outer world at least from the time of Soloman, i.e. about 1000 B.C. Roman historians refer to the commercial intercourse that existed between Rome and South India. In the first century before Christ we hear of a Pandyan embassy to Augustus Caesar. (refer to Periplus translated by Schoff p. 46).</div>
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The Sangam classics point to the profession of pearl-diving and sea-fisheries on a large scale. We hear of shipwrecks of the early Tamils saved now and then by Manimekhalai, the goddess of the sea.</div>
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(Note: ancient Tamil tradition traces its origins to a submerged island or continent, Kumari Kandam, situated to the south of India. The Tamil epics Shilappadikaram and Manimekhalai provide glorious descriptions of the legendary city and port of Puhar, which the second text says was swallowed by the sea.</div>
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As in the case of Dwaraka, (please refer to chapter on Dwaraka and Aryan Invasion Theory), initial findings at and off Poompuhar, at the mouth of the Cauvery, show that there may well be a historical basis to this legend: apart from several structures excavated near the shore, such as brick walls, water reservoirs, even a wharf (all dated 200-300 B.C.), a few years ago a structure tantalizingly described as a "U-shaped stone structure" was found five kilometers offshore, at a depth of twenty-three meters; it is about forty meters long and twenty wide, and fishermen traditionally believed that a submerged temple existed at that exact spot. If the structure is confirmed to be man-made (and not a natural formation), its great depth would certainly push back the antiquity of Puhar.</div>
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Only more systematic explorations along Tamil Nadu's coast, especially at Poompuhar, Mahabalipuram, and around Kanyakumari (where fishermen have long reported submerged structures too) can throw more light on the lost cities, and on the traditions of Kumari Kandam, which some have sought to identify with the mythical Lemuria).</div>
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ancient city in India.</div>
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We have the account of a Cera King conquering the Kadamba in the midst of sea waters. The Cera King Senguttuvan had a fleet with which he defeated the Yavanas who were punished with their hands being tied behind their backs and the pouring of oil on their heads. The Cholas also maintained a strong fleet with which they not only invaded and subjugated Lanka but also undertook overseas expeditions. Among the conquests of Rajaraja, Lanka was one, and his invasion of that island finds expression in the Tiruvalangadu plates, where it is described as follows:<br />"Rama built, with the aid of the monkeys, a causeway over the sea and then slew with great difficulty the king of Lanka by means of sharp-edged arrows. But Rama was excelled by this (king) whose powerful army crossed the ocean in ships and burnt the king of Lanka."<br />Rajaraja also sent an expedition against the Twelve Thousand Islands, obviously a reference to the Laccadives and Maldives. Friendly embassies were also sent by the Chola king to China.</div>
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From the evidence of the Mahvamsa as well as from a few inscriptions we are able to gather some information regarding the diplomatic relations that existed between India and Sri Lanka. We have the story of Vijaya and his followers occupying the island about 543 B.C. Vijaya was a prince of North India who was banished from the kingdom by his father. Passing through the southern Magadha country he sailed to Sri Lanka, according to the Rajavali, in a fleet carrying more than 700 soliders, defeated the Yaksas inhabiting it, and settled there permanently.</div>
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This story is illustrated in the Ajanta frescoes.</div>
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Numerous ships carried the troops of Rajendra to Sri Vijaya and its dependencies which he conquered. Among the places conquered were Pannai (Pani or Panei on the east coast of Sumatra), Malaiyur (at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula), Mappappalam ( a place in the Talaing country of Lower Burma), Mudammalingam (a place facing the gulf of Siam), Nakkavaram (the Nicobar islands. Besides, active trade was carried on between South India and China during this period.</div>
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At the end of the 10th century the Chinese emperor sent a mission to the Chola king with credentials under the imperial seal and provisions of gold and piece-goods to induce the foreign traders of the South Sea and those who went to foreign lands beyond the sea for trade to come to China.</div>
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The facts clearly show that the Cholas maintained supremacy over the sea and kept a strong and powerful navy which was useful not only for carrying on extensive commerce with foreign countries but also for conducting military expeditions. During the days of the Kakatiyas of Warangal, Motupalle (Guntur District) was the chief port, on the east coast. Ganapatideva, the Kakatiya ruler, extirpated piracy on the sea and made the sea safe for commerce with foreign countries like China and Zanzibar. This policy was pursued by Rudramba, his daughter.</div>
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Vijayanagar kingdom also claimed supremacy over the sea. Since the days of Harihara I the rulers of Vijayanagar took the title of the Lord of the Eastern, Western and Southern oceans; and there were 300 ports in the empire. The activities of the Vijayanagar fleet on the west coast are also referred to by the Portuguese in 1506.</div>
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The Vijayanagar kings sent friendly embassies to foreign courts. 'Bukka I sent an embassy through his chief explainer to the court of Taitsu, the King Emperor of China, with tributes and large presents, among which was a stone which was valuable in neutralizing poison.</div>
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Accounts of Foreign Travelers to India</div>
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Coming to later times we have the account of Hiuen Tsang who notices a fleet of 3,000 sail belonging to the King os Assam. There is inscriptional evidence of the possession of a fleet under the Kakatiyas and the Cholas in South india. Marco Polo testifies to the huge size and efficient construction of Indian vessels while Yule in his Cathey refers to Rajput ships en route to China.</div>
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Marco Polo, a famous Venetian traveler who visited India in 13th Century also visited Thane Port. The first chapter of his book which deals with India is almost devoted to shipbuilding industry in India. Friar Odoric of Pordenone, an Italian Monk who visited India in 14th Century, in his account of his voyage across the Indian Ocean, a mention is made of ships which can carry 700 people.<br />"Ships of size that carried Fahien from India to China (through stormy China water) were certainly capable of proceeding all the way to Mexico and Peru by crossing the Pacific. One thousand years before the birth of Columbus Indian ships were far superior to any made in Europe upto the 18th century."<br />(source: The Civilizations of Ancient America: The Selected Papers of the XXIXth International Congress of Americanists - edited Sol Tax 1951).<br />Ludovico di Varthema (1503 A. D) saw vessels of 1,000 tons burden built at Masulipatnam. According to Dr. Vincent, India built great sized vessels from the time of Agathareids (171 B.C.) to the 16th century. And no wonder the Portuguese, when they first landed at the west coast, were carried away by the excellent Indian vessels. Later still, the Vijayanagar Empire, which had as many as 300 ports, had a powerful fleet. The naval commander was styled Naviyadaprabhu.</div>
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India has a coastline of about 6300 km. Extensive new archaeological, epigraphical, sculptural and literary material has been added to our knowledge since the early decades of this century. Dr. Radha Kumud Mookerji's Book Indian Shipping - A History of the Sea-Borne Trade and Marine Activity of The Indians From The Earliest Times published in 1912 Orient, is the most comprehensive study of Indian Navigation up to that period.</div>
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We now know that many ports on both Eastern and Western Coast had navigational and trade links with almost all Continents of the world. There are many natural and technological reasons for this. Apart from Mathematics and Astronomy, India had excellent manufacturing skills in textile, metal works and paints. India had abundant supply of Timber. Indian - built ships were superior as they were built of Teak which resists the effect of salt water and weather for a very long time.<br />"The art of Navigation was born in river Sindhu 6000 years ago. The very word navigation is derived from Sanskrit word Nav (or Nav-ship) Gatih."<br />Lieut. Col. A.Walker's paper: "Considerations of the affairs of India" written in 1811 had excellent remarks on Bombay-built ships.</div>
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He notes,<br />"situated as she is between the forests of Malabar and Gujarat, she receives supplies of timber with every wind that blows."</div>
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Further he says, "it is calculated that every ship in the Navy of Great Britain is renewed every twelve years. It is well known that teakwood built ships last fifty years and upwards. Many ships Bombay-built after running fourteen or fifteen years have been brought into the Navy and were considered as stronger as ever. The Sir Edward Hughes performed, I believe, eight voyages as an Indiaman before she was purchased for the Navy. No Europe-built Indiaman is capable of going more than six voyages with safety."<br />He has also further noted that Bombay-built ships are at least one-fourth cheaper than those built in the docks of England. Francois Balazar Solvyns, a Belgian/Flemish maritime painter, wrote a book titled Les Hindous in 1811.</div>
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His remarks are,<br />"In ancient times, the Indians excelled in the art of constructing vessels, and the present Hindus can in this respect still offer models to Europe-so much so that the English, attentive to everything which relates to naval architecture, have borrowed from the Hindus many improvement which they have adopted with success to their own shipping.... The Indian vessels unite elegance and utility and are models of patience and fine workmanship."<br />(source: <a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="async" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orientalthane.com%2Fspeeches%2Fspeech_2.htm%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR29df-CBOyAY1hI_4yqVajzSYLcZ2Md3_EklGz6rGQFGBX1HFz1Nsamzt0&h=AT0PhDNZMM7Bur7oKMYG5cNkgXpRf85rbscbWeNYvFKDeNQtzKDr1HG566wbqkNo_6JR5oPgdwUvr1QKskr9zcgv7oeAtWWvlfu7mW50PfCHNDoVg5xUfQvwOXSuKL1757e405p_T9WQCRea4HNsJiKxaJFw1_s-GvK92umdV0k5ICnV6y-8DCVin3RD386acfFb8I-jljn5QZlcSmXwS-bXz_26KbMjWqAlxUnBUohd6x6yHmkpsJvqOLF6trwCjovwsvamZ0DLBHLx0SXz7Zbt2lgUlonVpyeu9k0UC8OFANo8JW-g1ISUrys5v11FCxMe4cL9c4_cevtldDFY3nOaW_EkYQalLZScsptQQSD87mdyD-NentaPfzlA88OUFy8PiuYP0PpntxrdGdDg9zN9hBuD556EFUNoZCDGeAlzfqGOvvRSQqYe6oHKHPnchmeyYbUH37CUN_tOTO0m7yPlr12HDULNKA" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">http://www.orientalthane.com/speeches/speech_2.htm</a>).<br />Surprisingly, many earlier western traders and travelers have expressed the same views. Madapollum was a flourishing shipping centre. Thomas Bowrey, an English traveler who visited India during 1669-79, observes,<br />"many English merchants and others have their ships and vessels yearly built (at Madapollum). Here is the best and well grown timber in sufficient plenty, the best iron upon the coast, any sort of ironwork is ingeniously performed by the natives, as spikes, bolts, anchors, and the like. Very expert master-builders there are several here, they build very well, and launch with as much discretion as I have seen in any part of the world. They have an excellent way of making shrouds, stays, or any other rigging for ships".<br />A Venetian traveler of 16th Century Cesare de Federici, while commenting on the East Coast of India has noted that there is an abundance of material for ship building in this area and many Sultans of Constantinople found it cheaper to have their vessels built in India than at Alexandria.</div>
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Nicolo Conti who visited India in 15th century was impressed by the quality Indians had achieved in ship building. He observes:<br />"The nations of India build some ships larger than ours, capable of containing 2,000 butts, and with five sails and as many masts. The lower part is constructed with triple planks, in order to withstand the force of the tempests to which they are much exposed. But some ships are so built in compartments that should one part be shattered, the other portion remaining entire may accomplish the voyage."<br />J. Ovington, Chaplain to the British King, the seventeenth-century English traveler, who visited Surat, wrote a book A Voyage to Surat in the Year 1689. He was impressed by the skill of the Indians in ship-building and found that they even outshone Europeans. The timber used by the Indians was so strong that it would not ‘crack’ even by the force of a bullet so he urged the English to use that timber ‘to help them in war’. Indian Teak stood firmer than the English Oak, remarked Ovington.</div>
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Thomas Herbert, a traveler who visited Surat in 1627, has given an interesting account of the arrival, loading and unloading of ships through small boats at Swally marine (Sohaly), a few kilometres away from Surat. He remarked that between September and March every year, the port of Sohaly presented a very busy and noisy scene for there came many ships from foreign lands. The merchants (baniyas) erected their straw huts in large numbers all along the sea coast, making the whole place thus look like a country fair. The merchants sold various commodities like calicoes, ivory, agates, etc.</div>
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Many small boys engaged by the merchants were seen running about doing odd jobs. The English found that the small boats used and constructed by the natives could be of immense use. This was a definite gain for both nations. Boats and rafts were used as a means of conveyance for loading and unloading ships. There were about 4200 big and 4400 small boats. There were large-sized boats that could carry even elephants. The boats used by kings and nobles were designed to look artistic.</div>
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Abul Fazl writes about the "wonderfully fashioned boats with delightful quarters and decks and gardens"</div>
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Among the primitive Indian boats, the cattarmaran comes first. It consisted of three logs and three spreaders and cross lashings. The centre log was the largest, and pointed towards one end. Mainly fishermen used the cattarmaran for fishing. A little more skillfully made is the musoola boat, which has no iron fastening. It was mostly used in the Coromandel coast.</div>
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Dr John Fryer says,<br />"It is possible that the name musoola may be connected with Masulipatarn where boats seem to have been in use".<br />Another boat made in an indigenous manner was known as dingy. It was hollowed out from a single trunk. Lower down the Ganga, the name was applied to boats half-decked, half wagon-roofed and built of planks.</div>
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Purqoo was another type of boat described by Thomas Bowery. It plied between the Hooghly and Balasore. These boats were made very strong to carry ‘sufficient load’. They were also used for loading ships. they could remain in water for a long time without getting damaged. As compared to the purqoo, boora was a ‘lighter boat’ which rowed with 29 or 30 oars. These boats were also used for carrying saltpeter and other commodities. (source: Coastal trade flourished with Europeans - By Pramod Sangar).</div>
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Sir John Malcolm (1769 - 1833) was a Scottish soldier, statesman, and historian entered the service of the East India Company wrote about Indian vessels that they:<br />"Indian vessels are so admirably adapted to the purpose for which they are required that, notwithstanding their superior science, Europeans were unable, during an intercourse with India for two centuries, to suggest or to bring into successful practice one improvement."<br />(source: Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. I and India and World Civilization - By D P Singhal part II p. 76 - 77).<br />In the middle of the 18th century, John Grose noted that at Surat the Indian ship-building industry was very well established, indeed, “They built incomparably the best ships in the world for duration”, and of all sizes with a capacity of over a thousand tons. Their design appeared to him to be a “a bit clumsy” but their durability soundly impressed him. They lasted “for a century”.</div>
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Lord Grenville mentions, in this connection, a ship built in Surat which continued to navigate up the Red Sea from 1702 when it was first mentioned in Dutch letters as “the old ships” up to the year 1700.” Grenville also noted that ships of war and merchandise “not exceeding 500 tons” were being built” with facility, convenience and cheapness” at the ports of Coringa and Narsapore.</div>
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Dr. H. Scott sent samples of dammer to London, as this vegetable substance was used by the Indians to line the bottom of their ships; he thought it would be a good substitute,<br />“in this country for the materials which are brought from the northern nations for our navy…There can be no doubt that you would find dammer in this way an excellent substitute for pitch and tar and for many purposes much superior to them.”<br />source: Decolonizing History: Technology and Culture in India, China and the West 1492 to the Present Day - By Claude Alvares p. 68-69).<br />Alain Danielou (1907- 1994) son of French aristocracy, author of numerous books on philosophy, religion, history and arts of India has written:<br />"India's naval dockyards, which belonged to the state, were famous throughout history. The sailors were paid by the state, and the admiral of the fleet hired the ships and crew to tradesmen for transporting goods and passengers. When the British annexed the country much later on, they utilized the Indian dockyards - which were much better organized then those in the West - to build most of the ships for the British navy, for as long as ships were made of wood."<br />(source: A Brief History of India - By Alain Danielou p. 106).</div>
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"...an Indian naval pilot, named Kanha, was hired by Vasco da Gama to take him to India. Contrary to European portrayals that Indians knew only coastal navigation, deep-sea shipping had existed in India. Indian ships had been sailing to islands such as the Andamans, Lakshdweep and Maldives, around 2,000 years ago. Kautiliya's shastras describe the times that are good and bad for seafaring. In the medieval period, Arab sailors purchased their boats in India. The Portuguese also continued to get their boats from India, and not from Europe. Shipbuilding and exporting was a major Indian industry, until the British banned it. There is extensive archival material on the Indian Ocean trade in Greek, Roman, and Southeast Asian sources."<br />(source: History of Indian Science & Technology).<br />India became the first power to defeat a European power in a naval battle - The Battle of Colachel in 1742 CE.</div>
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A dramatic and virtually unknown past, in an area of bucolic calm surrounded by spectacular hills: that is Colachel, a name that should be better known to us. For this is where, in 1741, an extraordinary event took place -- the Battle of Colachel. For the first, and perhaps the only time in Indian history, an Indian kingdom defeated a European naval force.</div>
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The ruler of Travancore, Marthanda Varma, routed an invading Dutch fleet; the Dutch commander, Delannoy, joined the Travancore army and served for decades; the Dutch never recovered from this debacle and were never again a colonial threat to India.</div>
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The ruler of Travancore, Marthanda Varma, routed an invading Dutch fleet;<br />the Dutch commander, Delannoy, joined the Travancore army and served for decades;<br />the Dutch never recovered from this debacle and were never again a colonial threat to India.</div>
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The Battle of Colachel in 1742 CE, where Marthanda Varma of Travancore crushed a Dutch expeditionary fleet near Kanyakumari. The defeat was so total that the Dutch captain, Delannoy, joined the Travancore forces and served loyally for 35 years--and his tomb is still in a coastal fort there. So it wasn't the Japanese in the Yellow Sea in 1905 under Admiral Tojo who were the first Asian power to defeat a European power in a naval battle--it was little Travancore.</div>
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The Portuguese and the Dutch were trying to gain political power in India at that time. Marthanda Varma defeated the Dutch in 1741. He was an able ruler. He established peace in his country - Travancore. It was a remarkable achievement for a small princely state. (source: The Battle of Colachel: In remembrance of things past - By Rajeev Srinivasan - <a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="async" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Frediff.com%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR2ta_UFRD1atYYo7fDybl8JtrcBXPce_D3wnr4lMmESyn5REtLiztbbtEw&h=AT0F00vFYLp_s9elWQ7uvBh515MbBcKwL3__xq0G9_HQnT8RWn_AO_iQxQlhS7d71TTZ_r93pWd0pA_iAjaodyKOVcX_t6Ek9iv3ZCaqsxiKZ2B9H3vMnynpAIfyQwn0VmBhrahodFUMvz03TCgH5z7WUL5Xg-AxGwcEcIEQuGRKNRI4V0_R3eToVPT8w-dmefBHCHGBXkHfoWf7ePt0bVqCzcmCOpYORwstYDqWhIJH12f5oGD8Dt3r4fkyQjfYzuGK6kS8xqT3e9Ql5h_4W087gosFX1fM73gqwW_gKOmAmm2xdCb6wMaEUQ1jwxSRT4Ehty5vktBzVegS6XG03I4eo-IBe1KzSzzsgYqAPsHPMtzBhmMgCkJlNxJ2hvOz6bad9Tz8ZPGUHbyLablCgwDhLKigI7bMOr1lpOqXYwQ5VFKgiYwAtrbUSNnGJxu-OVFtRa9FfLF6KlW_eIadjYpwD6iqU0m-SQ" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">rediff.com</a> and <a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="async" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kerala.com%2Fkera%2Fculture1.htm%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR22hcpH-8h0cDtpHjdROrOeKG7JB0whiakaVzwsLqbwxDF7JGMqmYSRrXk&h=AT3jj_HW8aySh3wOQmEPu-TMifpuxL3xP9Xbiw5-T8r8jFPc895SPYoCR_xiHYU3g13SuwL93PKGuUkNW0pXHHionLPfQJY2k4MCnnhH1l1y-dkgwMgIFemIVb7tHcjRVvNRsom22UUI8RbAPUPza9pJrSRRdnFPTmxviu1ppfUq6PEuVQ2FxH3lJnAqnKKQbe2s6ggsa5pDQX1I2tfkr_nKwKyyOOlXhjI00t0EUj3jNVzcw2p137tqThHiVy1hbwmouiWVHsjXn_h0qwMtvHhilv5ilmLtOaXCUwRU1JIiJ9UEYXMB4jDlKRNHJD9VbTcjKaonF8WpOrmUhWoyM4-kyeCQQg8aiaizSnsfcBj0zj6bhIPyYgIyqDqNcDFLrqJ7sPCDA8MABUtGyXFFoKMtixROJHyw23543HbQs9TnmggZz7aepVI2sX1rtd-J4W9wyLQAGErJmOzvJQ7K-iGcaf-g5Ky_0g" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">http://www.kerala.com/kera/culture1.htm</a>).</div>
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Back to Contents</div>
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Diplomacy and War</div>
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Not withstanding the elaborate rule of war laid down in the epics and the law-books, insisting in the main that to wage war was the duty and privilege of every true Ksatriya, in several cases the horrors of war made the belligerent think of the consequences and avoid outbreak of hostilities by a well calculated policy which we now term diplomacy.</div>
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King seeking counsel.</div>
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Negotiation, persuasion and conciliation were cardinal points of the ancient Indian diplomatic system, and were effective instruments in averting many a war, which would otherwise have realized in much bloodshed and economic distress.</div>
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The political term for diplomacy is naya, and the opinion of Kautalya, the eminent politician of the 4th century B.C., a king who understands the true implications of diplomacy conquers the whole earth.</div>
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The history of diplomacy in ancient India commences with the Rig Veda Samhita, and the date of its composition may be taken as far back as the Chalcolithic period. In the battles the help of Agni is invoked to overcome enemies. He is to be the deceiver of foes. In pursuing his mission to a successful end, the use of spies is mentioned. This bears eloquent testimony to the system of espionage prevalent so early as the time of the Rig Veda Samhita. In the battle of the Ten Kings described in the seventh mandala, we find diplomacy of rulers getting supplemented by its association with priestly diplomacy, which exercised a healthy influence on the constitutional evolution.</div>
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International Relations - The picture presented in the epics and the Arthasastra literature seems to be confined to the four corners of Bharatkhanda. The intercourse as envisaged in the literature, shows relations to be more commerical than political in character.</div>
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Strabo quotes Megasthenes and says that Indians were not engaged in wars with foreigners outside India nor was their country invaded by foreign power except by Hercules and Dionsysius and lately by the Macedonians. There were friendly relations of Chandragupta with Seleukos Nikator, of Bindusara with Antiochus, of Asoka and Samadragupta with Lanka, of Pulaskesi with Persians, of Harsha with Nepal and China, of the Cholas with Sri Vijaya.<br />"It was always regarded as a legitimate object of the ambition of every king to aim at the position of Cakravartin or Sarvabhuuma (paramount sovereign or of supreme monarch)."<br />This ambition was legitimate and had no narrow outlook about it. It was a fruit to be sought after by every one of the monarchs comprising the mandala. If the king is not actuated by this idea, he falls short of an ideal king according to the Hindu Rajadharma.</div>
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<br />Diplomatic agents - ambassadors</div>
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Bhisma mentions seven qualifications as essential in an ambassador: he should come from a noble line, belong to a high family, be skilful, eloquent of speech, true in delivering the mission, and of excellent memory.</div>
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<br />Espionage in War</div>
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Spies filled an important role in both the civil and military affairs of ancient India. The institution of spies had a greater utility, as the king could take action on the report of the spies. Spies were engaged to look after the home officials, including those of the royal household as well as to report on the doings in the enemy kingdoms. The Rig Veda Samhita, often speaks of spies (spasah) of Varuna.</div>
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Only men of wisdom and purity were sent on this errand, thus suggesting that they should be persons above corruption and temptation of any sort. In the epics and post-epic literature in general, spies have been described as the 'eyes of the king'. In the Udyoga-parva (33, 34) of Mahabharata, it is stated that "cows see by smell, priests by knowledge, kings by spies, and others through eyes."</div>
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Spies roamed about in foreign states under various disguises to collect reliable information. In the Ramayana, a king mentions the wise adage that "the enemy, whose secrets have been known through espionage, can be conquered without much effort." The Arthashastra, which predates Christ by centuries, dwells at length on the importance of espionage and the creation of an effective spy network.</div>
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Such details may indicate the high development of the science of diplomacy in ancient India. It was the famous Indian strategist of the fourth-century B.C, Kautilya in the Arthasastra, who gave the world the dictum:<br />"The enemy of my enemy is my friend."</div>
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"The same style of Indian thought" says Heinrich Zimmer in his book, Philosophies of India, p. 139, admiringly of Kautilya, "that invented the game of chess grasped with profound insight the rules of this larger game of power."</div>
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Attitude to war</div>
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The Sangam age of the Tamils was the heroic age of the Tamil Indians. If the men of the Tamil land were heroes, then their women were heroines. A certain mother was asked where her son was, and she replied, that she was sure that the tiger that had lain in her womb would be found in the field of battle. War was the pabulum on which our ancient warriors were great in name and fame.</div>
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A certain lady who gave birth to only one son and who sent him to the field of battle when there was the country's call for it. Okkurmasattiyar, a poetess, praises a certain lady dresses the hair of her only son and gives him the armor to get ready for action in the field of battle. This may be contrasted with another where a heroic mother heard the disquieting news that her son lost his courage in action and had fled in fear.</div>
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If it were true, she expressed that she would cut off her breasts that had fed him with milk. With this determination she entered the battle-field with sword in her hand and went on searching for her fallen son. When she saw her son's body cut in twain, she felt much more happy than when she gave birth to him. (source: Puram 277 and 279 - in Tamil ).</div>
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Flags - The origin and use of flags can be traced to the earliest Indian literature, the Rig Veda Samhita. The term deaja occurs twice in the Veda. Besides, dhvaja, we meet with a good number of expressions for a banner in Vedic literature. These are Akra, Krtadhvaja, Ketu, Brhatketu, Sahasraketu. It appears that the Vedic host aimed their arrows at the banners of the enemy.</div>
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The idea was that once the banner was captured, or struck, a claim was made for success in the battle over the enemy. Ketu was a small flag as contrasted with Brhatketu or the big flag. Sahasraketu may be a thousand flag, or as the knight who brought under control a thousand flags of enemies. We are told that banners and drums were counted among the insignia of ancient Vedic kings. In the Mahabharata war, every leader had his own insignia to distinguish one division from the other.</div>
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Arjuna had the Kapidhvaja or the flag with the figure of Hanuman, Bhisma, Taladhvaja, cognizance of a palmyra tree etc.</div>
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SOURCE : Bibliotecapleyades</div>
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Ancient Indian UFO</div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Pradeep Singh http://www.blogger.com/profile/09792755250562479741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-16042290302445003392017-12-18T20:08:00.000-08:002017-12-18T20:08:04.899-08:00Vedic Swastika crop circle appeared in Beckhampton, Wiltshire, UK.Reported on the 27th of August, 2016<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">New crop circle reported at Cooks Plantation, near Beckhampton, Wiltshire, UK. Reported on the 27th of August, 2016.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">As reported by <strong>Crop Circle Connector </strong></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">A huge crop circle in the shape of a swastika has been spotted in the Wiltshire countryside.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">The symbol, which has been cut into a huge field in Beckhampton, near Avery, Wiltshire, is roughly 150 to 180 ft wide.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">The formation is so big it can be seen from the nearby road and has been cut into a farmer’s field of crops without him giving permission.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">After first being shocked by the finding, the farmer was instead told how the cutting is actually a Hindu symbol of positivity, and the ancient ‘Swastika’ was used long before the Nazis adapted it as their infamous logo.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Ancient mysteries author Hugh Newman, who captured the footage via drone of the huge formation, spotted a Facebook post not long after the crop circle was cut.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">The 43-year-old who lives in Wiltshire said: ‘I rushed there to check it out and I met the farmer there and he was keen for me to not go into the field.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">‘I flew my drone over it and got some good shots.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">‘The big trouble of the years is who cuts these crop circles because sometimes people don’t have a clue how they ended up there, and the farmer didn’t know.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">‘He didn’t say much to me but he was a bit concerned by the symbol and he saw the negative connotation of it when he realised what it looked like.’</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Hugh said the ancient symbol is actually positive and can often be seen on Buddha statues going back thousands of years as well as on temples and houses.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">The swastika has an extensive history and was used at least 5,000 years before Adolf Hitler adopted it for use as a Nazi symbol.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">The difference can be seen between them as the ancient symbol has dots in the gaps between the lines and has round edges compared to the blunt edges used in the Nazi flag.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Hugh added: ‘You get teams of hoaxers going around and doing crop circles without anyone’s permission and if they get caught they can be prosecuted for it.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">‘But some of the circles they cut are so advanced and difficult to do that it is actually land art.’</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">A crop circle or crop formation is a pattern created by flattening a crop by using string and wooden planks which people stand on to break and bend the crops.</span></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Decoding Hinduismhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11694566300003485742noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-75945776234966934612017-12-18T19:41:00.001-08:002017-12-18T19:41:07.173-08:00UFO are real- Navy Pilot video from Pentagon leaks.<iframe allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" gesture="media" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wprBkZGaEZ8" width="560"></iframe><br />
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<iframe allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" gesture="media" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/74SssYS6VVM" width="560"></iframe>
think outside box
<iframe allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" gesture="media" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/T5H8PwbwkMQ" width="560"></iframe><div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Decoding Hinduismhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11694566300003485742noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-30618518746484015192017-08-23T05:27:00.000-07:002017-08-23T05:27:51.900-07:00Introduction to vedas- part 1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Must watch regarding knowledge of vedas.
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WcrZr6aNHfw" width="560"></iframe></div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Pradeep Singh http://www.blogger.com/profile/09792755250562479741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-89854365111629855502017-08-21T20:35:00.000-07:002017-08-21T20:35:33.522-07:001500 वर्ष पुराने सोमनाथ मंदिर के प्रांगण में खड़े बाणस्तम्भ की विलक्षणता<br />
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क्या आप 1500 वर्ष पुराने सोमनाथ मंदिर के प्रांगण में खड़े <span class="_5afx" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="_58cm" style="font-family: inherit;">बाणस्तम्भ</span></span> की विलक्षणता के विषय मे जानते हैं?</div>
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‘इतिहास’ बडा चमत्कारी विषय है। इसको खोजते खोजते हमारा सामना ऐसे स्थिति से होता है, की हम आश्चर्य में पड जाते हैं। पहले हम स्वयं से पूछते हैं, यह कैसे संभव है..?<br />डेढ़ हजार वर्ष पहले इतना उन्नत और अत्याधुनिक ज्ञान हम भारतीयों के पास था, इस पर विश्वास ही नहीं होता..!<br />गुजरात के सोमनाथ मंदिर में आकर कुछ ऐसी ही स्थिति होती है। वैसे भी सोमनाथ मंदिर का इतिहास बड़ा ही विलक्षण और गौरवशाली रहा है। १२ ज्योतिर्लिंगों में से पहला ज्योतिर्लिंग है सोमनाथ..! एक वैभवशाली, सुंदर शिवलिंग..!! इतना समृध्द की उत्तर-पश्चिम से आने वाले प्रत्येक आक्रांता की पहली नजर सोमनाथ पर जाती थी। अनेकों बार सोमनाथ मंदिर पर हमले हुए। उसे लूटा गया। सोना, चांदी, हिरा, माणिक, मोती आदि गाड़ियाँ भर-भर कर आक्रांता ले गए। इतनी संपत्ति लुटने के बाद भी हर बार सोमनाथ का शिवालय उसी वैभव के साथ खड़ा रहता था।</div>
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लेकिन केवल इस वैभव के कारण ही सोमनाथ का महत्व नहीं है। सोमनाथ का मंदिर भारत के पश्चिम समुद्र तट पर है। विशाल अरब सागर रोज भगवान सोमनाथ के चरण पखारता है। और गत हजारों वर्षों के ज्ञात इतिहास में इस अरब सागर ने कभी भी अपनी मर्यादा नहीं लांघी है। न जाने कितने आंधी, तूफ़ान आये, चक्रवात आये लेकिन किसी भी आंधी, तूफ़ान, चक्रवात से मंदिर की कोई हानि नहीं हुई है।</div>
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इस मंदिर के प्रांगण में एक स्तंभ (खंबा) है। यह ‘बाणस्तंभ’ नाम से जाना जाता है। यह स्तंभ कब से वहां पर हैं बता पाना कठिन है। लगभग छठी शताब्दी से इस बाणस्तंभ का इतिहास में नाम आता है। लेकिन इसका अर्थ यह नहीं की बाणस्तंभ का निर्माण छठवे शतक में हुआ है। उस के सैकड़ों वर्ष पहले इसका निर्माण हुआ होगा। यह एक दिशादर्शक स्तंभ है, जिस पर समुद्र की ओर इंगित करता एक बाण है। इस बाणस्तंभ पर लिखा है -</div>
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‘आसमुद्रांत दक्षिण धृव पर्यंत<br />अबाधित ज्योतिरमार्ग..’</div>
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इसका अर्थ यह हुआ – ‘इस बिंदु से दक्षिण धृव तक सीधी रेखा में एक भी अवरोध या बाधा नहीं है।’ अर्थात ‘इस समूची दूरी में जमीन का एक भी टुकड़ा नहीं है।</div>
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जब मैंने पहली बार इस स्तंभ को देखा और यह शिलालेख पढ़ा, तो मेरे रोंगटे खड़े हो गए। यह ज्ञान इतने वर्षों पहले हम भारतीयों को था..? कैसे संभव है.? और यदि यह सच हैं, तो कितने समृध्दशाली ज्ञान की वैश्विक धरोहर हम संजोये हैं..!</div>
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संस्कृत में लिखे हुए इस पंक्ति के अर्थ में अनेक गूढ़ अर्थ समाहित हैं। इस पंक्ति का सरल अर्थ यह हैं की ‘सोमनाथ मंदिर के उस बिंदु से लेकर दक्षिण धृव तक (अर्थात अंटार्टिका तक), एक सीधी रेखा खिंची जाए तो बीच में एक भी भूखंड नहीं आता है'। क्या यह सच है..? आज के इस तंत्रविज्ञान के युग में यह ढूँढना संभव तो है, लेकिन उतना आसान नहीं।</div>
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किन्तु फिर भी मूल प्रश्न वैसा ही रहता है। अगर मान कर भी चलते हैं की सन ६०० में इस बाण स्तंभ का निर्माण हुआ था, तो भी उस जमाने में पृथ्वी का दक्षिणी धृव है, यह ज्ञान हमारे पुरखों के पास कहांसे आया..? अच्छा, दक्षिण धृव ज्ञात था यह मान भी लिया तो भी सोमनाथ मंदिर से दक्षिण धृव तक सीधी रेषा में एक भी भूखंड नहीं आता है, यह ‘मैपिंग’ किसने किया..? कैसे किया..? सब कुछ अद्भुत..!!</div>
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इसका अर्थ यह हैं की ‘बाण स्तंभ’ के निर्माण काल में भारतीयों को पृथ्वी गोल है, इसका ज्ञान था। इतना ही नहीं, पृथ्वी का दक्षिण धृव है (अर्थात उत्तर धृव भी है) यह भी ज्ञान था। यह कैसे संभव हुआ..? इसके लिए पृथ्वी का ‘एरिअल व्यू’ लेने का कोई साधन उपलब्ध था..? अथवा पृथ्वी का विकसित नक्शा बना था..?</div>
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नक़्शे बनाने का एक शास्त्र होता है। अंग्रेजी में इसे ‘कार्टोग्राफी’ (यह मूलतः फ्रेंच शब्द हैं.) कहते है। यह प्राचीन शास्त्र है। इसा से पहले छह से आठ हजार वर्ष पूर्व की गुफाओं में आकाश के ग्रह तारों के नक़्शे मिले थे। परन्तु पृथ्वी का पहला नक्शा किसने बनाया इस पर एकमत नहीं है। हमारे भारतीय ज्ञान का कोई सबूत न मिलने के कारण यह सम्मान ‘एनेक्झिमेंडर’ इस ग्रीक वैज्ञानिक को दिया जाता है। इनका कालखंड इसा पूर्व ६११ से ५४६ वर्ष था। किन्तु इन्होने बनाया हुआ नक्शा अत्यंत प्राथमिक अवस्था में था। उस कालखंड में जहां जहां मनुष्यों की बसाहट का ज्ञान था, बस वही हिस्सा नक़्शे में दिखाया गया है। इस लिए उस नक़्शे में उत्तर और दक्षिण धृव दिखने का कोई कारण ही नहीं था।</div>
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आज की दुनिया के वास्तविक रूप के करीब जाने वाला नक्शा ‘हेनरिक्स मार्टेलस’ ने साधारणतः सन १४९० के आसपास तैयार किया था। ऐसा माना जाता हैं, की कोलंबस ने इसी नक़्शे के आधार पर अपना समुद्री सफर तय किया था।</div>
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‘पृथ्वी गोल है’ इस प्रकार का विचार यूरोप के कुछ वैज्ञानिकों ने व्यक्त किया था। ‘एनेक्सिमेंडर’ इसा पूर्व ६०० वर्ष, पृथ्वी को सिलेंडर के रूप में माना था। ‘एरिस्टोटल’ (इसा पूर्व ३८४ – इसा पूर्व ३२२) ने भी पृथ्वी को गोल माना था।</div>
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लेकिन भारत में यह ज्ञान बहुत प्राचीन समय से था, जिसके प्रमाण भी मिलते है। इसी ज्ञान के आधार पर आगे चलकर आर्यभट्ट ने सन ५०० के आस पास इस गोल पृथ्वी का व्यास ४,९६७ योजन हैं (अर्थात नए मापदंडों के अनुसार ३९,९६८ किलोमीटर हैं) यह भी दृढतापूर्वक बताया। आज की अत्याधुनिक तकनीकी की सहायता से पृथ्वी का व्यास ४०,०७५ किलोमीटर माना गया है। इसका अर्थ यह हुआ की आर्यभट्ट के आकलन में मात्र ०.२६% का अंतर आ रहा है, जो नाममात्र है..! लगभग डेढ़ हजार वर्ष पहले आर्यभट्ट के पास यह ज्ञान कहां से आया..?</div>
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सन २००८ में जर्मनी के विख्यात इतिहासविद जोसेफ श्वार्ट्सबर्ग ने यह साबित कर दिया की इसा पूर्व दो-ढाई हजार वर्ष, भारत में नकाशा शास्त्र अत्यंत विकसित था। नगर रचना के नक्शे उस समय उपलब्ध तो थे ही, परन्तु नौकायन के लिए आवश्यक नक़्शे भी उपलब्ध थे।</div>
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भारत में नौकायन शास्त्र प्राचीन काल से विकसित था। संपूर्ण दक्षिण आशिया में जिस प्रकार से हिन्दू संस्कृति के चिन्ह पग पग पर दिखते हैं, उससे यह ज्ञात होता है की भारत के जहाज पूर्व दिशा में जावा, सुमात्रा, यवद्वीप को पार कर के जापान तक प्रवास कर के आते थे। सन १९५५ में गुजरात के ‘लोथल’ में ढाई हजार वर्ष पूर्व के अवशेष मिले हैं। इसमें भारत के प्रगत नौकायन के अनेक प्रमाण मिलते हैं।</div>
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सोमनाथ मंदिर के निर्माण काल में दक्षिण धृव तक दिशादर्शन, उस समय के भारतियों को था यह निश्चित है। लेकिन सबसे महत्वपूर्व प्रश्न सामने आता है की दक्षिण धृव तक सीधी रेखा में समुद्र में कोई अवरोध नहीं है, ऐसा बाद में खोज निकाला, या दक्षिण धृव से भारत के पश्चिम तट पर, बिना अवरोध के सीधी रेखा जहां मिलती हैं, वहां पहला ज्योतिर्लिंग स्थापित किया..?</div>
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उस बाण स्तंभ पर लिखी गयी उन पंक्तियों में,<br />(‘आसमुद्रांत दक्षिण धृव पर्यंत, अबाधित ज्योतिरमार्ग..’)<br />जिसका उल्लेख किया गया है, वह ‘ज्योतिरमार्ग’ क्या है..?</div>
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यह आज भी प्रश्न ही है.<br />- Prashant Pole</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Decoding Hinduismhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11694566300003485742noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-76407402244466138242017-08-17T13:38:00.001-07:002022-02-07T20:37:15.471-08:00Secrets of Agastya Samhita.
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">What was probably the first non-stop flight was made not from New York to Paris but from Ceylon to a place near modern Delhi, if the records are correct.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">According to the Sanskrit epic, Ramayana, a story many centuries older than the Greek epics, an Indian king made this trip in a balloon in five days. His carriage was called <em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">“Pushpaka”</span></em>, meaning <em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">“butter-fly-like”</span></em> and the epic contains a detailed account of preparations for the flight, with a vivid description of the balloon itself.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">What is more convincing evidence that the trip was actually made, is the fact that the poem contains an accurate and beautifully written description of an aerial view of the various cities and countries passed over on the journey. Only a super imagination could have conceived this perspective and picture.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">It is due to the investigations of Varam R. Kokatnur (’14 M.S., ’16 Ph.D) that this and many other fascinating discoveries about the learning of ancient India have been made available. Dr. Kokatnur is a consulting chemist by profession, having his business in New York City; but his hobby is the <em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">study of hieroglyphics;</span></em> and it was while tracing the relation of Sanskrit to the hieroglyphics that he discovered valuable information which will greatly affect our present knowledge of <em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">history of chemistry</span></em>.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;"><img alt="Agastya Samhita" class="alignright wp-image-21953 size-medium" height="300" sizes="(max-width: 215px) 100vw, 215px" src="http://www.sanskritimagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Dr-215x300.jpg" srcset="http://www.sanskritimagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Dr-215x300.jpg 215w, http://www.sanskritimagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Dr.jpg 456w" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; float: right; height: auto; margin-left: 20px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="215" />When the American Chemical Society met in Detroit, Michigan, from September 5 to 10, Dr Kokatnur read a paper containing evidences to show that Cavendish and Priestly were not the first men to <em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">discover hydrogen and oxygen, but that these gases had been known to the sages of ancient India,</span></em> and then he read a second paper to show that chemistry was of Aryan and not Semitic origin. </span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">After listening to the proofs he offered, members of the convention gave the author a special vote of thanks for the originality and value of his researches and agreed that his evidences were conclusive. The papers, as read by Dr. Kokatnur, will soon be published in the <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Isis</em>, a scientific journal published in many languages. The publication of this article in the ALUMNI WEEKLY precedes all other announcements.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">Dr. Kokatnur is a native of India, educated in Bombay University and the University of California as well as Minnesota. He was a Shevlin fellow in Chemistry, is a fellow of the American Institute of Chemists, a member of Sigma Xi and many other scientific societies.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">While working on his study of hieroglyphics, he came across a Sanskrit book which contained four pages of an old but well-known manuscript which was written in 1350 and contains the collected writings of Agastya. These few pages were discovered by Vase in the library of an Indian prince, in 1924, in Ujjain, India.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;"><a href="http://www.sanskritimagazine.com/vedic_science/between-folklore-and-astronomy-agastya-a-sage-and-a-star/" style="border-bottom-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c41003; padding-bottom: 2px; text-decoration: none; transition: border-bottom 0.15s ease-in;" target="_blank">Agastya </a>is a sage whose name has been mentioned in Indian writings as far back as 2000 B.C. Consequently, this manuscript, which is known as<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"> “Agastya-Samhita”</span></em> if authentic, is extremely old as far as source material is concerned, belonging to post-Vedic and pre-epic times.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">You Being a chemist, Dr. Kokatnur naturally seized this manuscript with avidity for the sage Agastya is credited with being the discoverer of<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"> hydrogen and oxygen, the dry electric battery, electro-plating, kites, hot-air blimps and propelled balloons. </span></em> In fact, he is named variously after his discoveries, in contrast with the present practice naming the discoveries after one’s name. Thus he is called “pot-born” (dry electric battery); “cathode-anode” (electricity); “conquerer of kites and blimps”, and so forth. It is as if we should call Henry Ford, “Flivver”, and Mr Edison “incandescent lamps”, “movie” or “Dictaphone”.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">In this manuscript, the mention of hydrogen and oxygen is made only incidentally in connection with the construction of the balloon. Of course, Agastya did not know the gases by these names, but his terms for them are more specific than ours. Hydrogen is called <em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">“upfaced”</span> </em>because of its lightness; while oxygen is known as <em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">“vital” or “essential to life”. </span></em> He did not use the word “gas” but called them<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"> “airs”. </span></em> In the English language, hydrogen is so-called because water is generated by its combustion, and oxygen was named by Lavoisier from the Greek root meaning “acid” because he believed it to be an essential part of every acid. In the German language, hydrogen is “wasserstoffe” and oxygen “sauerstoffe”, meaning the same but being also inaccurate, for all acids do not contain oxygen. <em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"> How much more accurate were Agastya’s names than ours?</span></em> The originality and aptness of these names is cited by Dr. Kokatnur as one evidence that the manuscript must be authentic.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">Chemists at the convention gasped when Dr. Kokatnur read to them the following translation of the method of making a dry electric battery which was written centuries before the Christian era:</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;"><a data-slb-active="1" data-slb-asset="1331403099" data-slb-group="21950" data-slb-internal="0" href="http://www.sanskritimagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/agastya-samhita.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c41003; padding-bottom: 2px; text-decoration: none; transition: border-bottom 0.15s ease-in;"><img alt="Minnesota Alumni Weekly" class="alignright wp-image-21955 size-medium" height="168" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="http://www.sanskritimagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/agastya-samhita-300x168.jpg" srcset="http://www.sanskritimagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/agastya-samhita-300x168.jpg 300w, http://www.sanskritimagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/agastya-samhita-795x446.jpg 795w, http://www.sanskritimagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/agastya-samhita.jpg 800w" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; float: right; height: auto; margin-left: 20px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /></a>“A well-cleaned copper plate should be placed in an earthen-ware vessel. It should then be covered first by moist sawdust. Mercury amalgamated zinc plate should then be placed on the top of the saw-dust. By their contact a light known by the twin-names Mitra-Varuna (cathode-anode or electricity) is produced. The water is split up by this into gases, Vital and Up-faced. The joining together of hundred such vessels is very active or effective.”</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">From his knowledge of Chemistry, Dr. Kokatnur recognized that this was the method used in making a dry battery, but did not know what part the mercury amalgamated zinc plate had in the reaction until he consulted a battery maker who explained that it prevented polarization.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">Continuing, Agastya said:</span></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">“When the “up-faced” is filled in an air-proof (impervious) bag and the bag is tied at the head of the vehicle, the “up-faced” due to its lightness carries the vehicle in the sky.”</span></span></em></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">Then the process of air-proofing the balloon bag is explained. This is to be done by dipping a silk bag in the bark of trees which produce a milky juice (probably rubber). After the first immersion and drying it was again dipped in the juice of another tree which contains tannin. Then it is dried again, coated with wax, and at last coated with some kind of mixture made from sugar and lime.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">Only to a chemist would the original translation have meant anything, for the manuscript does not specifically state that tamin is the second juice used. The tree is named, and from his knowledge of Chemistry, Dr. Kokatnur deduced that the desired juice might be tannin for that is one of the chemicals contained in the sap of this particular tree. He consulted a rubber chemist and found that tannin will coagulate rubber (latex). </span></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">After he has explained the process of making a dry electric battery, the sage Agastya gives us the process of electroplating:</span></span></em></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">“(This great light) plates the copper with gold or silver in the presence of acidified water and the metal that is combined with saltpeter. The gold-plated copper is called “hundred pot born”. Apparently the metal combined with saltpeter is either gold nitrate, gold chloride or gold cyanide. </span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">According to ancient literature, the Indians of pre-Christian times knew the laws of air and water and recognized that they were similar, except that in water one moves on the surface and in the air one must travel through the body of the matter. <em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Manuscripts written in 800 B.C. show that they had a knowledge of physics, for it is specifically stated that light, heat and sound exist in waves. </span></em></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">They knew how to take advantage of currents both in the air and on the water. Their balloons were steered by sails and guided by specially bred birds which must have been crossed to produce a bird of unusual strength which could be easily trained. Hundreds of such birds were tied to the balloon described in the epic, Ramayana. In the translation made by Romesh C Dutt, which is a condensed version of the Sanskrit original, we find in Book Five that Rama, the hero, had met and consulted with Agastya. Dutt says:</span></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">“The wanderings of Rama in the Deccan, his meeting with Saint Agastya, and his residence on the banks of the Godavari river, are narrated in this Book. The name of Agastya is connected with the Deccan, and many are the legends told of this great Saint before whom the Bindhya mountains bent in awe, and by whose might the Southern ocean was drained. It is likely that some religious teacher of that name first penetrated beyond the Vindhyras in the Deccan, three thousand years ago.”</span></span></em></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">According to the epic, Agastya gave Rama magic weapons with which to conquer his foes. There is not space here to relate the story, but it closes with Rama, returning home victorious with his rescued bride Sita, in an aerial carriage. Dutt’s translation continues:</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">“Mark my love,” so Rama uttered, as on flying Pushpa car, </span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">borne by swans, the home-returning exiles left the field of war.</span></em></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">Lanka’s proud and castled city on the Trikuta’s triple crest, </span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">As on peaks of bold Kailasa mansions of Immortals rest!</span></em></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">See my love, round Ceylon’s island </span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">how the ocean billows roar</span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">Hiding pearls in caves of corals, strewing shells upon the shore,</span></em></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">And the causeway, far-extending – </span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">monument of Rama’s fame – </span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">“Rama’s Bridge” to distant ages shall our deathless deeds proclaim!</span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">See the rockbound fair Kishkindha and</span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">her mountain-girdled town,</span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">Where I slayed the warrior Bali, placed Sugriva on the throne.</span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">And the hill of Rishyamuka where Sugriva first I met,</span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">Gave him word – he would be monarch</span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">ere the evening’s sun had set.</span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">See the sacred lake of Pampa by whose wild and echoing shore,</span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">Rama poured his lamentations when he </span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">saw his wife no more,</span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">And the woods of Janasthana where</span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">Jatayu fought and bled,</span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">When the deep deceitful Ravan with</span></em></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">my trusting Sita fled.”</span></em></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">Of course, such poetic descriptions have always been given legendary, poetic interpretations, but <em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">we know that many arts known to the ancients have been lost.</span></em></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">No one can say definitely that this balloon flight as described was actually made, but Dr. Kokatnur has a number of evidences to substantiate his belief in the authenticity of the manuscript, Àgastya-Samhita`.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">“In the first place”, he says, “the fact that the voltaic cell was discovered only a century ago and that the remedies to prevent polarization were discovered still more recently, indicate that the manuscript, to include these elements must be, if a fake, of very recent origin. It is easy to detect if a manuscript is 50 years or several centuries old by examining the condition of the paper and writing. These appear to be in favour of its authenticity. Further, it is not often that a man is well enough versed both in science and language to execute a fraud successfully is found.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">“In India the knowledge of the sciences is only available in the English language.</span></em> It is doubtful if any Indian English-educated chemists – there are no electro-chemists by the way – know the fact that amalgamated zinc prevents polarization, and if one did, the chance of his knowing Sanskrit well enough to fake such a manuscript is remote.”</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">“The names of the twin-gods “Mitra Varuna” is very old and is even mentioned in Rik-Veda. The word “Mitra” means “friend”, “an ally”, in other words, “cathode” because a deposit is made at this place. “Varuna” means “liquefied or enemy” (of zinc) and therefore “anode”. The use of such a twin word with such a significant meaning is certainly highly original.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">“Similarly the names “prana” “vital life” and “udana” (up-faced or upward-moving) for oxygen and hydrogen are equally original and significant.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">“Hindus seem to know of gases and there is no question of the antiquity of such knowledge. From times immemorial, the twice-born castes of India have repeatedly chanted certain prayers, wherein som of these gases are mentioned. One of the prayers of undoubted antiquity, repeated every day in India by the twice-born at the time of meals, somewhat in the spirit of a Christian blessing, is as follows:</span></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">“I reside in the animal body in the form of digestive fire (animal heat) and with the aid of Prana and Apana gases, digest the four kinds of foods”.</span></span></em></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">“If the knowledge of these gases were an isolated instance, one might well believe the fraudulent nature of this manuscript. But the high concurrent knowledge of Chemistry in India is a never-to-be-disputed fact. Their knowledge of the preparation of mild and caustic alkali several centuries before the Christian era, their knowledge of aqua-regia in potential, the detection of metals by the colour of their flames, the recognition of zinc as a distinctive metal many centuries before it was definitely known as such in Europe, and above all the great monuments like the ten-ton wrought iron gun at Nurver, as prerequisites point to the authenticity of this manuscript.”</span></div>
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</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Pradeep Singh http://www.blogger.com/profile/09792755250562479741noreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-76765289353423542412017-08-12T15:49:00.000-07:002017-09-24T21:08:57.319-07:00Marvelous Explanation Shiva Lingam – Some Scientific Truths<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Marvelous Explanation <span class="_5afx" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit;"><span class="_58cm" style="font-family: inherit;">Shiva</span></span> Lingam – Some Scientific Truths<br />
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;">In the Nirgun-Sagun state Shiva is worshiped as the Shivalingam (</span><b style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px; margin-top: 0px;"><i>Contrary to the rumors spread by our Islamic brothers that Shivalingam is the male genital the fact is that Shivalingam has a deep and scientific theory and philosophy).</i></b><br style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;">A glance at the rounded, elliptical, an-iconic image of Shivalingam placed on a circular base (known as Peedam), which is found in the Sanctum Sanctorum (Garbhagraha) in all Shiva temples, has given rise to various interpretations, without realizing the scientific truths discovered by the ancient Hindu sages. The practice of worshipping Shiva Lingam as the holy symbol of Lord Shiva, has been from time immemorial.</span><br style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;">The worship of Shiva Lingam was not confined to India and Srilanka only. Lingam was referred to ‘Prayapas’ by the Romans who introduced the worship of Shiva Lingam to European countries. The statutes of Shiva Lingams were found in the archeological findings in Babylon, a city of ancient Mesopotamia. Further, the archeological findings in in Harappa-Mohanjo-daro, which yielded numerous Shiva Lingam statutes, have disclosed the existence of a highly evolved culture long before the Ariyan’s immigration.</span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;">The word Shivalingam has been derived from sanskrit roots Shiva (Lord) + Lingam (Mark/Chinha/Symbol). Hence, Shivalingam is the mark of lord within its creation. Everything in the world arises out of a dome/a ball/ a pindi......be it a tree which comes from a seed which is round, a child which comes from a cell which is round, all heavenly bodies are round, the minutest of cells are round and our very earth is round. Every thing being round is a mark of the Lord/Shiva. Since Shiva cant be comprehended, we worship his mark or we worshib the whole Brahmman in a Shivalingam. Philosophically, Shiva Lingam consists of three parts. The bottom part which is four-sided remains underground, the middle part which is eight-sided remains on a pedestal. The top part, which is actually worshipped, is round. The height of the round part is one-third of its circumference. The three parts symbolize Brahma at the bottom, Vishnu in the middle and Shiva on the top. The pedestal is provided with a passage for draining away the water that is poured on the top. The Lingam symbolizes both the creative and destructive power of Lord Shiva and great sanctity is attached to it by the devotees. This does not mean others should give a false meaning to the image of Shiva Lingam.</span><br />
<span id="jYOvxx" style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;"><span class="hover" id="__w2_ylEENSH_link"><a action_mousedown="UserLinkClickthrough" class="user" href="https://www.quora.com/profile/Diya-V-Sharma" id="__w2_ylEENSH_name_link" style="background: transparent; color: #333333; outline: 0px;" target="_blank">Diya V Sharma</a></span></span><span class="IdentityNameCredential NameCredential" style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;">, Doctoral Researcher In Shaivism, Advait Vedanta</span><br />
<span class="IdentityNameCredential NameCredential" style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;"><b>Bodhyana suthra Mahanyasa </b>, section shiva archna (shiva worship)<br /> shloka states<br /><br /><i>“Deho devalaya Prokthaha </i><br /><br /><i>Jeeva Shiva Sanathanaha</i><br /><br /><i>Thejathe Agjana nirmalyam</i><br /><br /><i>“</i><b><i>SO HUM</i></b><i>” Bhavena Poojayee” </i><br /><br />The body is the Temple, The life within is the SHIVA<br />Removing your ignorance and coming to an understanding, that,<b> I AM THAT</b>, should be ones WORSHIP.</span><br />
<span class="IdentityNameCredential NameCredential" style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></div>
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By Ayathuray Rajasingam – On Hindu Understanding of universe, Particles, energy, protons electrons and Newton etc. Goosebumps assured !!!</div>
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A glance at the rounded, elliptical, an-iconic image of Shiva Lingam placed on a circular base (known as Peedam), which is found in the Sanctum Sanctorum (Garbhagraha) in all Shiva temples, has given rise to various interpretations, without realizing the scientific truths discovered by the ancient Hindu sages. The practice of worshipping Shiva Lingam as the holy symbol of Lord Shiva has been from time immemorial.<br />
The worship of Shiva Lingam was not confined to India and Sri Lanka only. Lingam was referred to ‘Prayapas’ by the Romans who introduced the worship of Shiva Lingam to European countries. The statutes of Shiva Lingams were found in the archeological findings in Babylon, a city of ancient Mesopotamia. Further, the archeological findings in Harappa-Mohanjo-daro, which yielded numerous Shiva Lingam statutes, have disclosed the existence of a highly evolved culture long before the Ariyan’s immigration.<br />
In Hinduism, there are various ways of realizing God, which indicates Hinduism is liberal and have no rigid principles. Individual Hindus realize God according to his/her temperament. According to Hinduism, God becomes manifest in various aspects and forms and is known by various names.<br />
Shiva Lingam consists of three parts. The bottom part which is four-sided remains underground, the middle part which is eight-sided remains on a pedestal. The top part, which is actually worshipped, is round. The height of the round part is one-third of its circumference. The three parts symbolize Brahma at the bottom, Vishnu in the middle and Shiva on the top. The pedestal is provided with a passage for draining away the water that is poured on the top. The Lingam symbolizes both the creative and destructive power of Lord Shiva and great sanctity is attached to it by the devotees. This does not mean others should give a false meaning to the image of Shiva Lingam.<br />
It is unfortunate for some critics to have an imaginary invention on the image of Shiva Lingam as a male organ and viewed with obscenity, but had conveniently forgotten how a phallus could have appeared from the base. Moreover, since Lord Shiva is described as having no form, it is ridiculous to maintain that Lingam represents a phallus. This is the reason why Swami Vivekananda described Shiva Lingam as the symbol of the Eternal Brahman, when a German Orientalist, Gusta Oppert traced it to phallicism. Swami Vivekananda cited Atharva Veda that the worship of Shiva Lingam was sung in praise of sacrificial post – a description of the beginningless and endless of the Eternal Brahman and refuted it as an imaginary invention.<br />
Hinduism does not oppose Science. It does not even oppose other religions. Science is a continuing effort to discover and increase human knowledge of the physical or material world through experiment and observation. But Hinduism has the force of providing answers to certain issues that Science could not.<br />
The Lingam is shaped like an egg and represents the ‘Brahmanda’ or the cosmic egg. There are two types of Shiva Lingam. One is a black meteorite egg-shaped stone. It is said that such a stone is installed at Kabba in Mecca. The other one is man-made and is solidified mercury. Solidifying mercury is an ancient Vedic science.<br />
Shiva Lingam represents the totality of the Cosmos and the Cosmos, in turn, is represented as a Cosmic Egg. Again an egg is an ellipsoid depicting with no beginning, nor end.</div>
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A glance at the image of Shiva Lingam shows there is a pillar with three marks and a Disc beneath it and sometimes with a coiling cobra snake around the Pillar and shows its fangs above the pillar. The truth behind the scientific research by the Danish scientist, Neils Bohr, demonstrates that Molecules (the smallest part of everything) made up of Atoms which consists of Proton, Neutron, and Electron, all of which play a vital part in the composition of Shiva Lingam. In those days instead of using these English words such as Proton, Neutron, Electron, Molecules and Energy, the ancient sages employed the usage of the words like Lingam, Vishnu, Brahma, Sakthi (which in turn is divided into Renuka and Rudrani), Sarppa, etc. as Sanskrit was the dominant language in those periods.</div>
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According to Hinduism, the Pillar is described as the column of fire which represents the three Gods – Brahma, Vishnu, and Maheshwara while the Disc or Peedam represents Sakthi. The Disc is shown with three ridges, in carved at its periphery.</div>
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Sage Vyasa, the author of Maha Bharatha, mentions that Lord Shiva is smaller than the subatomic particle like Proton, Neutron, and Electron. At the same time, he also mentions Lord Shiva is greater than anything greatest. He is the cause of vitality in all living things. Everything, whether living or non-living, originates from Shiva. He has engulfed the whole world. He is Timeless. He has no birth, no death. He is invisible, unmanifest. He is the Soul of the Soul. He has no emotion, sentiment or passion at all. There is a mysterious or indescribable power in the Shiva Lingam to induce concentration of the mind and helps focus one’s attention. The contents of sage Vyasa is corroborated with the instance of that Arjuna fashioned a Lingam out of clay when worshipping Lord Shiva. Similarly, in Ramayana that before crossing to Sri Lanka, Rama, Lakshmana and Sita fashioned a Shiva Lingam at Rameswaram for worshipping Lord Shiva and also that Ravana could not lift the Lingam after it was placed on the ground by the small boy. These instances show that God may be conceptualized and worshipped in any convenient form. It is the divine power that it represents, is all that matters and here we see that both Arjuna in Maha Bharatha and Rama and Sita worshipping Lord Shiva as Nirguna Brahman or the formless Supreme Being.<br />
The outcome of the scientific research is that the world came into existence with the formation of Molecules. According to Science, two atoms make one Molecule. The valency of molecules indicates the combination of the atoms.</div>
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It is essential to have a clear idea of the structure of an atom according to the findings of the Danish scientist, Neils Bohr., the nature of which is given below.<br />
An atom is made up of Proton, Neutron, and Electron.<br />
Neutrons do not have a charge and so would continue on in a straight line.<br />
The nucleus of an atom is composed of positively charged Protons and neutrally charged Neutrons. Almost all the mass of an atom is in its nucleus. The nucleus is the very dense region consisting of Protons and Neutrons at the center of an atom.</div>
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Electrons are negatively charged and so would be deflected on a curving path towards the positive plate.<br />
But the whole atom is electrically neutral on account of the presence of an equal number of negative electrons and positive protons.</div>
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The electrons revolve rapidly around the nucleus in circular paths called energy level. The energy levels are counted from the center outwards.<br />
Each energy level is associated with a fixed amount of energy.<br />
There is no change in energy of Electrons as long as they help to revolve in the same energy level and the atoms remain stable.</div>
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The Bohr model shows that the electrons in atoms are in orbits of differing energy around the nucleus. It is like planets orbiting the Sun.</div>
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An examination of the image of Shiva Lingam in the context of Bohr model would demonstrate the puzzling truth that Brahma has created the world. The behavior of Proton, Electron, Neutron, and Energy are well demonstrated by Shiva Lingam.</div>
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Vishnu signifies Proton with positive electrical charge.<br />
Mahesha signifies Neutron with no electrical charge.<br />
Brahma signifies Electron with negative electrical charge.<br />
Sakthi is Energy. Sakthi is a type of energy field represented by a Disc.<br />
Shiva Lingam represents the atomic structure. According to the Rishis, Shiva and Vishnu are present in the Lingam. In Sanskrit, the three lines signify multiple. In the atomic structure, there are Protons and Neutrons which are surrounded by fast spinning Electrons.</div>
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Sakthi is represented by a Disc in an oval shape with three ridges carved at its periphery. She is Energy and plays a vital role in the Universe.</div>
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If one look at the portrait of Vishnu, a lotus is depicted as arising from the navel of Vishnu and Brahma is shown as seated on the lotus. Lotus signifies Energy which has the force of attraction. The stem of the lotus can bend because of its flexibility signaling that Brahma moves around Vishnu. This is a message that Electron is attracted to Proton because of the opposite electric charge.<br />
Moreover, Neutron is depicted as Shiva which has no charge at all.</div>
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The nucleus of the atom also contains neutrons. Neutrons are about the same size as Protons but have no electric charge. Neutrons are bound very tightly in the atom’s nucleus with the Protons. When the atom’s nucleus contains as many Neutrons as Protons, the atom is stable.</div>
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Similarly, the ancient sages provided the idea that when Shiva is not disturbed and separated, he remains calm. Shiva remains calm because Sakthi takes the form of Renuka. The energy which forms the molecules is denoted by its valency, which in Sanskrit is Renuka. Renuka is one produces Renu or molecule. Two atoms make one molecule.</div>
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Hence ancient Hindu sages brought the idea of Sakthi as Shiva’s wife and as part of Shiva and dances around Shiva throughout. However, when Neutron is disturbed and separated natural disaster occur, which signify that Shakthi turns out to be a terror known as Rudrani (Kali) performing destructive dance, signaling natural disaster.</div>
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The actual producer of molecules is Electron which signifies Brahma. Modern physics shows that Electrons are shared between the atoms to form a molecule. Therefore the Hindu concept that Brahma created the earth is in conformity with Science.</div>
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Yoga as a form of Lingam</div>
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Hinduism is deep rooted in the practice of Yoga and meditation. According to Hinduism, Yoga refers to the integration or union of a person’s own consciousness with the Supreme Reality or in other words Cosmic Consciousness.<br />
Yoga was one of the greatest gifts provided by the worship of Lord Shiva to the world and received by people from all walks of life amidst diversity. The concept of Yoga began to surface with the excavations of stone seals from the archeological findings of the Indus Valley civilization and the Mohenjadero-Harappa civilization.</div>
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The Vedas were the revelations of the ancient sages, received through yogic meditation during the period of the Indus Valley civilization.</div>
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The initial form in the existence is a geometric surface, known as an ellipsoid. According to Yogic tradition, Lingam is a perfect ellipsoid. The first form of creation is an ellipsoid. Apparently, the final form before dissolution is also a Lingam. Modern cosmologists are of the view that the core of every galaxy is in the form of an ellipsoid. Yoga always maintains that the first and final form is a Lingam. If a person meditates, his/her energies will naturally take the form of Lingam. As the first and final form before dissolution is also a Lingam, Lingam is considered as a gateway to the beyond. In Hinduism, Lord Shiva is considered as the Supreme Truth.</div>
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There is another scientific truth that water poured down on the Lingam is not considered as holy water or Theertham as it is called. Shiva Lingam is considered to be an atom model. There is radiation from Lingam as it is made out of a type of granite stone. Granite is a source of radiation and reported to have higher radio activity thereby raising some concerns about their safety. Granite is said to have formed as lava or molten rock cooled and solidified over thousands or even millions of years, contain naturally occurring radioactive elements like radium, uranium, and thorium. Perhaps this is the reason that ancient Hindu sages advised their disciples not to touch water that is poured down on the Lingam.</div>
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The sages were aware that there will be radiation fall-out if some accidents occur and that is the reason that Shiva Temples were built close to the vicinity of sea, ponds, rivers, tanks or wells. Perhaps this may be the reason why these five Ishwaram temples were built around the coast of Sri Lanka, though Thondeeshwaram was submerged in the sea on account of the movement of the tectonic plates. Even lake Manasarovar is situated at the base of Mt.Kailash.</div>
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It is unfortunate that the Truth of the great work done by the ancient Hindu sages is misinterpreted by citing some verses in the Vedas, but we are fortunate to witness that the practices and literature were left as a legacy. It is a consolation that recent scientific discoveries have shown that the findings of the ancient Hindu sages were meaningful.</div>
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OM NAMASIVAYA.</div>
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References:<br />
The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda<br />
Swami Vivekananda at the Paris Conference of the History of Religions<br />
Hindu Dharma – by Bansi Pandit<br />
Atomic Structure – The Bohr Model<br />
Atom Models – NDT Center<br />
Shiva Lingam – A symbol of science by Dr.P.Vartak.<br />
Ramayana & Maha Bharatha<br />
What is the meaning of Shiv Lingam – by Shri Hariharan Veer Shivadas, Director of Operations Gandhi Foundation the USA</div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Decoding Hinduismhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11694566300003485742noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-60473481545604059482017-08-12T12:34:00.000-07:002017-08-12T12:34:51.276-07:00Ancient Indian civil engineering found >8000 BC . SHRIVARDHAN SUBMERGE WALL<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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HINDU CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES IN 8000BCE?<br />
SHRIVARDHAN SUBMERGED WALL ... IN OCEAN ... OFF RAIGAD COAST...... Sea coast has been coming back since last 26,000 years and this would be about the time this was on land ... This gives credence to the story of Lord Parashurama reclaiming land from sea ... Konkana was the place where Parashurama had finally settled after donating the whole land to Kashyapa. He had borrowed land from sea-in same manner as Dwaraka was below sea-level and some parts of Netherland now. Natural below sea level formation was in east Siberia. On hilly roads-lower wall to sustain the road is Retaining wall, upper wall to protect from falling rocks is called Breast wall. In under-sea level region, this is reverse. Sea facing wall is breast wall-called Okhotsky (=Vakshah) in east Siberia (Shibir is local name= tents, temporary shelters). Similar terms were used in Dwaraka which are now current in civil engineering. Sea facing wall was Okha (= Vaksha) ; now a port. Retaining wall is Dragandhra town (=Daharaam-dharaa). Probably, Oxus river in Pak occupied Kashmir had similar terms for hill roads. When Parashurama had constructed under sea level town, similar structures and names should exist. Parashurama had naval power also by which he had influence up to Kurd region of Iraq-Turkey. They are one of the 14 tribes which had supported Kamadhenu when Sahasrarjuna had attacked. So, the calendar after death was called Kalamba samvat. This is originally a term of solid geometry used in astronomy texts. In spherical polar coordinate system, this is top point like north pole in our maps/globe. Opposite point is Kalamba. Anchor of ship also s called Kalamba (= Column), as it goes down vertically. Persons engaged in shipping are Kalanja and their country is Kalinga. Their head is Kadamba (top point). Thus, the kings of shipping regions of Kalinga and Udupi were called Kadamba. Udupa is wooden boat, region using it was Udra (north Orissa) or Udupi (Malabar coast). Kalamba samvat started in 6177 BC-exactly 3100 years before the death of Yudhishthira in 3077 BC when Laukika era or Saptarshi era had started. Parashuram had destroyed Kshatriyas 21 times-Megasthenese has called it republic period of 120 years. Thus, each republic lasted for about 5 years each like present system. Prior to 21 republics, Parashurama must have been at least 35 years of age, so he lived up to at least 35+120 = 155 years-hence he has been called a Dirghajivi. Kalamba (Kollam) samvat start tallies with the archeological estimate of Konkana civilization era within experimental errors. There can be a theoretical error in radio carbon dating if there was a higher level of radioactivity as it was after Mahabharata period.HINDU </div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Decoding Hinduismhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11694566300003485742noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-43612817402262819602017-08-12T12:30:00.000-07:002017-08-12T12:30:21.693-07:00MIND BOGGLING NEW EVIDENCE: Indian Hindu Links of AUSTRALIA<div style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px;">
MIND BOGGLING NEW EVIDENCE: Indian Hindu Links of AUSTRALIA !!! Hinduism is the Mother of all Civilisation and Cultures _/\_</div>
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Australian Aboriginal and Dingo Mystery<br />Proved Indian Hindu Links<br />of all civilization.</div>
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Australia holds some of modern humans’ earliest archeological evidence, with relics dating back to about 45,000 years ago. In other words, Australian aboriginals are the oldest continuous population of humans on the planet. Shares very strong bond with Ancient Hindus and their traditions .well before Europeans could even dream of exploring the far-off continent</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqPIt1jDSnc1kSN8pMGfgDj4OJ17YXmRh779JgzanV3fJoYJW2urj7w0R0WtLZicV_QyBcEvsPSoK9CkoJvLwb0bUOEhKZcuqJTAAPURtR3gWQKyxb4dx2wo3b3eokvnxmGyu8i_RJKrWo/s1600/australia+Hindu+Link.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1600" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqPIt1jDSnc1kSN8pMGfgDj4OJ17YXmRh779JgzanV3fJoYJW2urj7w0R0WtLZicV_QyBcEvsPSoK9CkoJvLwb0bUOEhKZcuqJTAAPURtR3gWQKyxb4dx2wo3b3eokvnxmGyu8i_RJKrWo/s640/australia+Hindu+Link.jpg" width="640" /></a>Before you dig deep in to this part of case study u must understand the step motherly treatment given by this western scientist who always attempt to diminish Hindu's proud history of mankind as much as possible.</div>
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First they started with "Hindus have no culture " Later " Aryan Invasion Theory" Now " Hindu prayed Aliens" <span class="_47e3 _5mfr" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px 1px; vertical-align: middle;" title="tongue emoticon"><img alt="" class="img" height="16" role="presentation" src="https://www.facebook.com/images/emoji.php/v9/f9f/1/16/1f61b.png" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: -3px;" width="16" /><span aria-hidden="true" class="_7oe" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0px; width: 0px;">:P</span></span> . These racist scientists even tried to tamper our history with "First humans came from africa theory" As many Africans genetically look closer to chimps. These are utterly a propaganda. Indian civilizations and our ancient Hindus don't share any link All these propaganda is to twist our history as many civilizations from America to Australia have strong connections with Indian DNA and our culture.</div>
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So they created this theory that Africans migrated into Indian subcontinent then from there into other parts !!! Another desperate attempt.</div>
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. Slowly but steadily when science get advanced these western experts are finding it very hard to botch up the facts and new evidence. But I always said: West can fake/alter our history but cant change it !!!</div>
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1) Dr Raghavendra Rao from the Anthropological Survey of India, says that DNA evidence linking Indian tribes to Australian Aboriginal people points to the fact that humans arrived in Australia via a southern coastal route through India. His team used computer programs to predict that a common ancestor existed, between the Indian population and Aboriginal Australians, up to 50,000 years ago.</div>
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The Uru megalithic sites of Australia date back to between 30,000 and 50,000 years, with extensive sites in the central west of NSW. The Sun is the most common symbol that is seen in the Megaliths erected by the Uru of Australia.</div>
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The Uruans worshipped the Sky-Father and Mother Earth.These are concepts linked to the Vedic India. In India, the 'World-Mother' is worshipped as Goddess 'Jagadambika' (जगदम्बिका). The 'Sky-Father' in Sanskrit is 'Jagatpati' (जगत्पति) which is 'Vishnu'. Jagatpati is also another word for the Sun as per the Vedic tradition.</div>
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With this as the background lets apply Sanskrit to decipher the word 'Uru'- the name by which this civilization came to be known. In Sanskrit 'Uru' (उरु) means 'Earth'. This may be a reference to the 'Earth-Mother' of the Uruan culture.</div>
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However, in the megalithic sites of Australia, it is the Sun that takes prominence and is the most common and recurring symbol. In Sanskrit 'Aru' (अरु) means the 'Sun'. And the name Australia may be derived from 'Aru'.</div>
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The entire word Australia can be decoded if we apply Sanskrit. 'Arus' (अरुस्) means the 'Sun', 'Taral' (तरल) means liquid which may refer to the coastal route which the Indians took to arrive into Australia and the fact that the entire continent is surrounded by water - a logic similar to why Australia and New Zealand together are referred to as Oceania. 'Alaya' (आलय) means 'home' or a 'retreat'.</div>
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And here is something from the Gympie Times, Australia dated 30th October 1975.</div>
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A Granite Hindu God Ganesha<br />Artifact found in Dogun, Australia<br />"At Dogun, schoolboy Cliff Brown, 13, found an elephant about 100mm high carved from beige granite. It is thought to be the Hindu God Ganesha." - The Gympie Times.</div>
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A statue found in the Gympie Ruins area<br />The 'Padma_Asana' Posture is the same as<br />Indian Vedic Goddess<br />Courtesy: <a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stradbrokeislandgalleon.com%2Findex.html&h=ATMleMbx7VIk0ea2x77rS3JEx4-fKH_9Mdq_TBvtAh6v1iv04srtPNEbMwnDrKWCW3OUOG2PZDneA2Hz3TO01gKG4a5y4ufHiqLkNFZ5mc_04OBeWfhn5l50B58UeKKuTGAOX3-iEt-HHFWZJlru4XDFDGRvc2cX20OoIphA&enc=AZPeDj_r0R0P9DZqSh-3K2QRe_N0af7HdEwMI8QF0n65-ltehNXQ_VllHSaaOISVsDLZmYX7goDe82bL3o2H1b4d5B-TMZmO5GBz8kQMvTmqFxXUALeJJi7C7aCkLmmLEivTYzgmT2ekHdztIzmlSWGX-CQc9beFFYiJEj020FpCwAkx9A0snTV8xFOs-D7r3H4dVRH_oG3hP2MYfKtgLJ0r&s=1" rel="nofollow noopener" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">http://www.stradbrokeislandgalleon.com/index.html</a><br />And now a report from BBC News, dated 14th January 2013 quotes a genetic research study which has concluded that Australia experienced a wave of migration from India about 4,000 years ago. It also says that a Genome-wide data substantiates that the Holocene gene flowed from India to Australia.*</div>
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An Australian Bushman with<br />the U-shaped Vedic Tilak on his forehead<br />In his book, 'Oriental Fragments' Edward Moor made the following observation in 1854, "In the vast spread of Australia, for instance, we might expect to find ... traces and remains of Sanskrit, and temples and images and various Hinduisms - evincing indeed, the existence there, at no very distant period, of a magnificent Hindu empire..."</div>
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2) The Dingo Mystery and the Indian link of Australian Aborigines :</div>
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Before you dig deep into this part of case study u must understand the step motherly treatment given by this western scientist who always attempts to diminish Hindu's proud history of mankind as much as possible. First, they started with "Hindus have no culture " Later " Aryan Invasion Theory" Now " Hindu prayed Aliens" <span class="_47e3 _5mfr" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px 1px; vertical-align: middle;" title="tongue emoticon"><img alt="" class="img" height="16" role="presentation" src="https://www.facebook.com/images/emoji.php/v9/f9f/1/16/1f61b.png" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: -3px;" width="16" /><span aria-hidden="true" class="_7oe" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0px; width: 0px;">:P</span></span> . These racist scientists even tried to tamper our history with "First humans came from Africa theory" As many Africans genetically look closer to chimps. These are utterly a propaganda. Indian civilizations and our ancient Hindus don't share any link. All these propaganda is to twist our history as many civilizations from America to Australia have strong connections with Indian DNA and our culture. So they created this theory than Africans migrated into Indian subcontinent then from there into other parts !!! Another desperate attempt.</div>
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. Slowly but steadily when science get advanced these western experts are finding it very hard to botch up the facts and new evidence. But i always said: West can fake/alter our history but can't change it !!!</div>
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Below are the findings by these western scientists. Again they tried to play it down by saying 4000 years ago ie,. 2000 BCE only but we all know our Hindu empire was a Naval super power and controlled a vast area of the world's territory even before any of these western civilizations came into existence. Let it be Truth will expose them sooner or Later !!! I tried my best to put all these infos in one single cover picture.</div>
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The Dingo Mystery<br />The dog in the below photo may look familiar to Indians as it closely resembles the free roaming dogs found in India. But this is Dingo, a dog species found in Australia and is also Australia’s largest terrestrial predator. Recent genetic studies of Australian Aborigines have revealed the missing link between Ancient India, Dingo and the natives of Australia. This study also negates the popular belief that Europeans were the first outsiders to arrive on the Australian soil. On the contrary, these studies reveal that ancient Indians were the first outsiders to arrive on the Australian Soil 4000 years ago, to be exact some 4,230 years ago.</div>
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The Dingo Mystery was that the oldest known fossil of this dog species in Australia dates back to 4000 years. There are no fossils of Dingo older than 4000 years found anywhere in Australia. So it was as if this dog suddenly arrived on the Australian landscape 4000 years ago. If so, then who brought it and from where? was the question.</div>
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The Mystery of the Archaeological Records in Australia<br />The archaeological records of Australia also indicated that there was a sudden change in the lives of the Australian natives 4000 years ago with improved agricultural practices and plant processing techniques (to remove toxins from edible plants), and new stone tools had arrived suddenly in Australia at around the same time. So from whom did the native Australian Aborigines learn all these new techniques 4000 years ago?</div>
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The Genetic Study of the Australian Aborigines<br />Now a Genetic study conducted by the researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany has reported evidence of substantial gene flow from India into Australia dating back to about 4,000 years ago. The timing or dating of this gene flow matches so well with the earlier explained mysteries that now it is clear that Ancient Indians had arrived on the Australian soil 4000 years ago, bringing with them the Dingo. They also taught the native Australians the new agriculture techniques, plant processing, and stone tools creation. Read this news item Indians broke Australian isolation 4,000 years ago and a more detailed report Must be Indian: Human Settlement in Australia</div>
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This also explains the other so far unexplained mystery of the huge expansion of a new Aboriginal language group in Australia at around the same time i.e. some 4000 years back.</div>
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Ancient Indians, not modern Europeans were the first outsiders to enter Australia<br />Till now it was widely believed that Europeans who first arrived in Australia at the end of the 1700s were the first outsiders to enter Australia. But this new genetic study has now revealed that the ancient Indians were the first outsiders to set foot on the Australian soil 4000 years back. More importantly, this migration is supposed to have happened from southern India, the present Dravidian speaking population of India.</div>
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Why did it take so long for a proper genetic study to be conducted on the Aborigines of Australia? Researcher Mark Stoneking says that the Aboriginal Australians have been hesitant to participate in these kinds of genetic studies, and were suspicious about the intention of such studies till recently.</div>
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Another important point to be noted is also the fact that the native Australians themselves arrived to Australia some 50,000 years back from India. The current theory of human origin and expansion, called the “Out of Africa” theory says that humans originated in Africa, and from there migrated to India, and from India spread to the rest of the world. So every non-African human being has his ancestral roots in India.</div>
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Hinduism is the Mother of all Civilisation and Cultures</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Decoding Hinduismhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11694566300003485742noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-62014893310785462572017-06-18T22:05:00.000-07:002017-06-18T22:05:59.990-07:00A British officer renovate Baijnath Mahadev Temple in 1883 पत्नी की पूजा से प्रसन्न होकर शिव ने दिया अंग्रेज को जीवनदान<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: #525252; font-size: 17px;">मध्यप्रदेश के आगर मालवा नगर में श्रीबैजनाथ महादेव का एक ऎसा ऎतिहासिक मंदिर हैं जिसका जीर्णोद्धार तत्कालीन अंग्रेज सेना के एक अधिकारी ने करवाया था। प्रदेश के नवगठित एवं 51 वे जिले के रूप में गत वर्ष अस्तित्व में आए आगर मालवा के इतिहास में उल्लेख है कि बैजनाथ महादेव के मंदिर का जीर्णोद्धार कर्नल मार्टिन ने वर्ष 1883 में 15 हजार रूपये का चंदा कर करवाया था। इस बात का शिलालेख भी मंदिर के अग्रभाग में लगा है। उत्तर एवं दक्षिण भारतीय कलात्मक शिल्प में निर्मित श्रीबैजनाथ महादेव को चमत्कारी देव माना जाता है। इसका ज्वलंत उदाहरण उस समय दिखाई दिया जब अफगानिस्तान में 130 वर्ष पहले पठानी सेना से घिरे कर्नल मार्टिन की प्राणरक्षा भगवान शिव ने की और वे सही सलामत घर लौटे।</span><br />
<span style="color: #525252; font-size: 17px;">इतिहास में वर्णित है कि वर्ष 1879 में अंग्रेजों ने अफगानिस्तान पर आक्रमण कर दिया था। इस युद्ध का संचालन आगरमालवा की ब्रिट्रिश छावनी के लेफ्टिनेंट क र्नल मार्टिन को सौंपा गया था। मार्टिन युद्ध एवं स्वयं की कुशलता के समाचार आगर मालवा में छोड कर गए अपनी पत्नी को नियमित भेजते थे। इस दौरान एक वक्त ऎसा भी आया जब मार्टिन के संदेश आना बंद हो गए। उनकी पत्नी को अनेक शंकाएं सताने लगी। वह एक दिन घोडे पर बैठ कर आगरमालवा में घूमने गई तो श्री बैजनाथ महादेव मंदिर से आती शंखध्वनि और मंत्रों से आकर्षित हो मंदिर पहुंची। वहां मंदिर में पूजा पाठ कर रहे पंडितों से चर्चा की एवं शिव पूजन के महत्व के बारे में पूछताछ की। पुजारी ने कहा भगवान शिव औघरदानी और भोलेभंडारी हैं। अपने भक्तों के संकट वह तुरंत ही दूर करते हैं। पुजारी ने लेडी मार्टिन से पूछा बेटी तुम बडी चिंतातुर लग रही हो क्या कारण है। लेडी मार्टिन बोली मेरे पति युद्ध में गए हैं और कई दिनों से उनका कोई समाचार नहीं आया इसलिए चिंतित हूं, इतना कहते हुये लेडी मार्टिन रो पडी। फिर ब्राहमणों के कहने पर श्रीमती मार्टिन ने लघु रूद्रीअनुष्ठान आरंभ करवाया तथा भगवान शिव से अपने पति की रक्षा के लिये प्रार्थना करने लगी और संकल्प लिया कि उनके पति युद्ध जीतकर आ जाए तो वह मंदिर पर शिखर बनवायेगी। लघुरूद्री की पूर्णाहुति के दिन भागता हुआ एक संदेशवाहक शिवमंदिर पहुंचा। लेडी मार्टिन ने घबराते हुए लिफाफा खोला और पढने लगी। पत्र में उनके पति ने लिखा, हम युद्धरत थे तुम्हारे पास खबर भी भेजते रहते थे लेकिन अचानक हमें पठानी सेना ने घेर लिया। ब्रिटिश सेना के सैनिक मरने लगे ऎसी विषम परिस्थिति से हम घिर गए और जान बचाकर भागना मुश्किल हो गया। इतने में देखा कि युद्ध भूमि में कोई एक योगी जिनकी लम्बी जटाएं एवं हाथ में तीन नोंक वाला हथियार (त्रिशूल) लिए पहुंचे। उन्हें देखते ही पठान सैनिक भागने लगे और हमारी हार की घंडियां एकाएक जीत में बदल गई।</span><br />
<span style="color: #525252; font-size: 17px;">पत्र में लिखा था यह सब उन त्रिशूलधारी योगी के कारण ही संभव हुआ। फिर उन्होने कहा घबराओं नहीं मैं भगवान शिव हूं तथा तुम्हारी पत्नी द्वारा शिवपूजन से प्रसन्न होकर तुम्हारी रक्षा करने आया हूं। पत्र पढते हुए लेडी मार्टिन ने भगवान शिव की प्रतिमा के सम्मुख सिर रखकर प्रार्थना करते हुए भगवान का शुक्रिया अदा किया और उनकी आंखों से खुशी के आंसू छलक पडे। कुछ दिनों बाद जब कर्नल मार्टिन आगर मालवा ब्रिटिश छावनी लौटकर आए और पत्नी को सारी बातें विस्तार से बताई और अपनी पत्नी के संकल्प पर कर्नल मार्टिन ने सन 1883 में पन्द्रह हजार रूपये का सार्वजनिक चंदा कर श्रीबैजनाथ महादेव के मंदिर का जीर्णोद्धार क रवाया। आगरमालवा की उत्तर दिशा में जयपुर मार्ग पर बाणगंगा नदी के किनारे स्थापित श्रीबैजनाथ महादेव का यह ऎतिहासिक मंदिर लिंग राजा नलकालीन माना जाता है। पहले यह मंदिर एक मठ के रूप में था तथा तांत्रिक अघौरी यहां पूजापाठ करते थे। मंदिर का गर्भगृह 11 गुणा 11 फीट का चौकोर है तथा मध्य में आ ग्नेय पाषाण का शिवलिंग स्थापित है। मंदिर का शिखर चूनेपत्थर का निर्मित है जिसके अंदर और बाहर ब्रहमा, विष्णु और महेश की दर्शनीय प्रतिमाऎं उत्कीर्ण हैं। करीब 50 फुट ऊंचे इस मंदिर के शिखर पर चार फुट उचां स्वर्णकलश है। मंदिर के सामने विशाल सभा मंडप और मंडप में दो फुट ऊंची एवं तीन फु ट लंबी नंदी की प्रतिमा है। मंदिर के पीछे लगभग 115 फुट लंबा और 48 फुट चौडा कमलकुंड है जहां खिलते हुए कमल के फूलों से यह स्थल और भी रमणीक दिखाई देता है। महाशिवरात्रि के अलावा यहां चैत्र एवं कार्तिक माह में भी भव्यशिव मेला आयोजित होता है और दूर दराज से श्रद्धालु चमत्कारिक श्रीबैजनाथ महादेव के दर्शन पूजन करने पहुंचते हैं।</span></div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Pradeep Singh http://www.blogger.com/profile/09792755250562479741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2876601164662390448.post-35216136088975777582017-06-13T17:56:00.000-07:002017-06-18T22:08:56.406-07:00हिंगलाज माता का मंदिरः हिंदुओं के साथ मुस्लिम भी करते हैं पूजा<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: #525252; font-size: 17px;">क्षत्रियों की कुलदेवी के रूप में प्रसिद्ध </span><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #525252; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">हिंगलाज भवानी माता</span><span style="color: #525252; font-size: 17px;"> का बलोचिस्तान स्थित मंदिर 52 शक्तिपीठों में से एक है। कराची से 250 किलोमीटर दूर क्वेटा-कराची रोड़ पर राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग से करीब घंटेभर की पैदल दूरी पर स्थित है यह मंदिर। मंदिर के सालाना मेले में यहां हिंदू और मुस्लिम दोनों शामिल होते हैं। यहां के स्थानीय लोग हिंगलाज माता मंदिर को श्रद्धा से </span><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #525252; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">नानी का हज</span><span style="color: #525252; font-size: 17px;">, नानी का मंदिर कहते हैं। नानी का मतलब यहां ईरान की देवी अनाहिता से है। कहा जाता है कि माता के दर्शन के लिए गुरू नानक देव भी आए थे। </span><br />
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<span style="color: #525252; font-size: 17px;">पाकिस्तान स्थित इस मंदिर के लिए कहा जाता है कि यहां मांगी गई हर इच्छा पूरी होती है। किसी समय पूरे विश्व के हिन्दुओं की श्रद्धा का केन्द्र रहा हिंगलाज माता का मंदिर में अब भी दूर-दूर से लोग आकर मन्नत मांगते हैं। यहां का सारा प्रबन्धन स्थानीय निवासियों की एक कमेटी करती है।</span><br />
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">This website is careful on doing research and many views are not of writers views. Many website have been researched with variety of different content of which copyright has not been obtained but this blog is solely research blog for creating awareness among human beings.</div>Pradeep Singh http://www.blogger.com/profile/09792755250562479741noreply@blogger.com2