Showing posts with label ASTROPHYSICS.. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ASTROPHYSICS.. Show all posts

Tuesday, February 11, 2014

Vedic Physics/ Indian science -Part 2. Vimanas- Ancient Flying Saucers of Atlantis and Lemuria,INDIA TO RISE AGAIN!!!!



Vimanas- Ancient Flying Saucers of Atlantis and Lemuria
 
"Facts do not cease to exist because they are ignored." - Aldous Huxley (1894-1963).


The Puranas speak of 400,000 humanlike races of beings living on various planets and of 8,000,000 other life forms, including plants and lower animals. Out of the 400,000 humanlike forms, human beings as we know them are said to be among the least powerful.
The original designation of the flying machine was "Ratha" which gave way for the term "Vimana". The design of the flying machine was imitated in the construction of the palaces, built by the Rbhus for the gods who came from remote space in the sky above. The Rig Veda texts (ranging from the 1st-10th Manadal) reference the aerial flying machines as Ratha. In the Yajurveda which is considered chronologically later than the Rig Veda followed by other Brahmanas, the name "Vimanas" occurs.
In the Yantra Sarvasva, sage Maharshi Bhardwaj
describes vimana, or aerial aircrafts, as being of three classes:

 
1-Those that travel from place to place;
2-Those that travel from one country to another;
3-Those that travel between planets.
Of special concern among these were the military planes whose functions were delineated in some very considerable detail and which read today like something clean out of science fiction. For instance, they had to be: Impregnable, unbreakable, non-combustible and indestructible capable of coming to a dead stop in the twinkling of an eye; invisible to enemies; capable of listening to the conversations and sounds in hostile planes; technically proficient to see and record things, persons, incidents and situations going on inside enemy planes; know at every stage the direction of the movement of other aircraft in the vicinity; capable of rendering the enemy crew into a state of suspended animation, intellectual torpor or complete loss of consciousness; capable of destruction; manned by pilots and co-travelers who could adapt in accordance with the climate in which they moved; temperature regulated inside; constructed of very light and heat absorbing metals; provided with mechanisms that could enlarge or reduce images and enhance or diminish sounds.
Rama existed parallel to the Atlantean civilization and was ruled by "enlightened Priest-Kings" who governed the cities. The seven greatest capital cities of Rama were known in classical Hindu texts as the Seven Rishi Cities and the people had flying machines called "Vimanas." The ancient Indian epic describes a Vimana as a double deck, circular aircraft with portholes and a dome, much as we would imagine a flying saucer. It flew with the "speed of the wind" and gave forth a "melodious sound." There were at least four different types of Vimanas; some saucer shaped and others like long cylinders (cigar shaped airships). The ancient Indian texts on Vimanas are so numerous that it would take volumes to relate what they had to say. The ancient Indians, who manufactured these ships themselves, wrote entire flight manuals on the control of the various types of Vimanas, many of which are still in existence and some have even been translated into English.
According to Rahasyagnyodhikaaree - Sutra 2, "The pilot is one who knows the secrets" There were 32 secrets the pilot needed to learn from competent preceptors and only such a person was fit to be entrusted with an aeroplane, and no others
 
There are 32 secrets of the working of the Vimaana. He must know the structure of the aeroplane, know the means of its take off and ascent to the sky, know how to drive it and how to halt it when necessary, how to maneuver it and make it perform spectacular feats in the sky without crashing. Those secrets are given in "Rahashya Lahari" and other works by Lalla and other masters and are described as thus:
"The pilot should have had training in maantrica and taantrica, kritaka and antaraalaka, goodha or hidden, drishya and adrishya or seen and unseen, paroksha and aparoksha, contraction and expansion, changing shape, look frightening, look pleasing, become luminous or enveloped in darkness, deluge or pralaya, vimukha, taara, stun by thunderstorm din, jump, move zig-zag like serpent, chaapala, face all sides, hear distant sounds, take pictures, know enemy maneuver, know direction of enemy approach, stabdhaka or paralyse, and karshana or exercise magnetic pull.
Some of these secrets are:
-
1. Goodha: As explained in 'Vaayutatva-Prakarana', by harnessing the powers, Yaasaa, Viyaasaa, Prayaasaa in the 8th atmospheric layer covering the earth, to attract the dark content of the solar ray, and use it to hide the Vimana from the enemy.

2. Drishya: By collision of the electric power and wind power in the atmosphere, a glow is created, whose reflection is to be caught in the Vishwa-Kriya-drapana or mirror at the front of the Vimana, and by its manipulation produce a Maaya-Vimana or camouflaged Vimana.

3. Vimukha: As mentioned in "Rig-hridaya", by projecting the force of Kubera, Vimukha and Vyshawaanara poison powder through the third tube of the roudree mirror and turning the switch of the air mechanism, produce wholesale insensibility and coma.

4. Roopaakarshana: By means of the photographic yantra in the Vimana to obtain a television view of things inside an enemy's plane.

5. Stabdhak: By projecting apasmaara poison fume smoke through the tube on the north side on the Vimana, and discharging it with stambhana yantra, people in enemy planes will be made unconscious.

6. Chaapla: On sighting an enemy plane, by turning the switch in the force center in the middle section of the Vimana, a 4087 revolutions an hour atmospheric wave speed will be generated, and shake up the enemy plane.

7. Parashabda Graahaka: As explained in the "Sowdaaminee Kalaa: or science of electronics, by means of the sound capturing yantra in the Vimana, to hear the talks and sound in enemy planes flying in the sky.

According to Shownaka, the regions of the sky are 5, named, Rekhaapathaha, Mandala, Kakshaya, shakti and Kendra. In these 5 atmospheric regions, there are 5,19,800 air ways traversed by Vimanas of the Seven Lokas or worlds, known as Bhooloka, Bhuvarloka, Suvarloka, Maholoka, Janoloka, Tapoloka and Satyaloka. Dhundinaatha and "Valalmeeki Ganita" state that Rekha has 7,03,00,800 air routes. Mandala has 20,08,00200 air routes, Kakshya has 2,09,00,300 air routes, Shakti has 10,01,300 air routes, and Kendra has 30,08,200 air routes.

It discusses what kind of food to eat, clothing to wear, metals for vimanas, purification of metals, deals with mirrors and lenses which are required to be installed in the vimaanas, mechanical contrivances or yantras and protecting and different types of vimaanas.

(source: Vymaanika Shaastra Aeronautics of Maharshi Bharadwaaja - By G. R. Josyer International Academy of Sanskrit Research 1973). Also Refer to Vymanika Shashtra - Aeronautical Society of India.

*Stealth bomber from Shastra - A glass-like material based on technology found in an ancient Sanskrit text that could ultimately be used in a stealth bomber (the material cannot be detected by radar) has been developed by a research scholar of Benaras Hindu University. Prof M A Lakshmithathachar, Director of the Academy of Sanskrit Research in Melkote, near Mandya, told Deccan Herald that tests conducted with the material showed radars could not detect it. "The unique material cannot be traced by radar and so a plane coated with it cannot be detected using radar," he said.
 
"In the Vedic literature of India, there are many descriptions of flying machines that are generally called vimanas. These fall into two categories: (1) manmade craft that resemble airplanes and fly with the aid of birdlike wings, and (2) unstreamlined structures that fly in a mysterious manner and are generally not made by human beings. The machines in category (1) are described mainly in medieval, secular Sanskrit works dealing with architecture, automata, military siege engines, and other mechanical contrivances. Those in category (2) are described in ancient works such as the Rig Veda, the Mahabharata, the Ramayana, and the Puranas and have many features reminiscent of UFOs." "There are ancient Indian accounts of manmade wooden vehicles that flew with wings in the manner of modern airplanes. Although these wooden vehicles were also called vimanas, most vimanas were not at all like airplanes.

It is possible that knowledge of this previous highly advanced civilization may have been preserved by ancient secret Brotherhoods. When Alexander the Great invaded India, over two thousand years ago, his scribes chronicled an attack by
flying fiery shields' that panicked the horses. These flying vehicles did not deploy any weapons against the invading army, which marched on to conquer the country. It has been speculated in many books that secret Brotherhoods have preserved and maintained Vimanas for many thousands of years. They are alleged to keep them hidden in caverns and underground bases.
 
Mahavira of Bhavabhuti (A Jain text of the eighth century culled from older texts and traditions) describes aerial chariots, known as the Pushpakas that conveyed many people to the capital of Ayodhya. "The sky was full of stupendous flying-machines, dark as night, but picked out by lights with a yellowish glare." There is a passage in the Ramayana which reads: "The Puspaka car that resembles the Sun and belongs to my brother was brought by the powerful Ravan; that aerial and excellent car going everywhere at will.... that car resembling a bright cloud in the sky."... and the King [Rama] got in, and the excellent car at the command of the Raghira, rose up into the higher atmosphere."

An interesting example of a vimana is the flying machine that Salva, an ancient Indian king, acquired from Maya Danava, an inhabitant of a planetary system called Taltala." (Richard L. Thompson, "Alien Identities") The cruel Salva had come mounted on the Saubha chariot that can go anywhere, and from it he killed many valiant Vrishni youths and evilly devastated all the city parks." (The Mahabharata) The airplane occupied by Salva was very mysterious. It was so extraordinary that sometimes many airplanes would appear to be in the sky, and sometimes there were
apparently none. Sometimes the plane was visible and sometimes not visible, and the warriors of the Yadu dynasty were puzzled about the whereabouts of the peculiar airplane. Sometimes they would see the airplane on the ground, sometimes flying in the sky, sometimes resting on the peak of a hill and sometimes floating on the water. The wonderful airplane flew in the sky like a whirling firebrand - it was not steady even for a moment." (Bhaktivedanta, Swami Prabhupada, Krsna)

In the Sanskrit Samarangana Sutradhara, it is written: Strong and durable must the body of the Vihmana be made, like a great flying bird of light material. Inside one must put the mercury engine with its iron heating apparatus underneath. By means of the power latent in the mercury which sets the driving whirlwind in motion, a man sitting inside may travel a great distance in the sky. The movements of the Vimana are such that it can vertically ascend, vertically descend, move slanting forwards and backwards. With the help of the machines human beings can fly in the air and heavenly beings can come down to earth.

William Clendenon translated this particular passage of the Samarangana Sutradhara in his 1990 book,
Mercury, UFO Messenger of the Gods: "Inside the circular air frame, place the mercury-engine with its electric/ultrasonic mercury boiler at the bottom center. By means of the power latent in the mercury which sets the driving whirlwind in motion, a man sitting inside may travel a great distance in the sky in a most marvelous manner. Four strong mercury containers must be built into the interior structure. When those have been heated by controlled fire from iron containers, the vimana develops thunder-power through the mercury. At once it becomes like a pearl in the sky."

It is interesting to note, that the Nazis developed the first practical pulse-jet engines for their V-8 rocket "buzz bombs." Hitler and the Nazi staff were exceptionally interested in ancient India and Tibet and sent expeditions to both these places yearly, starting in the 30's, in order to gather esoteric evidence that they did so, and perhaps it was from these people that the Nazis gained some of their scientific information. According to the Dronaparva, part of the Mahabharata, and the Ramayana, one Vimana described was shaped like a sphere and born along at great speed on a mighty wind generated by mercury. It moved like a UFO, going up, down, backwards and forwards as the pilot desired. In another Indian source, the Samar, Vimanas were "iron machines, well-knit and smooth, with a charge of mercury that shot out of the back in the form of a roaring flame." It is possible that mercury did have something to do with the propulsion, or more possibly, with the guidance system. Curiously, Soviet scientists have discovered what they call "age-old instruments used in navigating cosmic vehicles" in caves in Turkestan and the Gobi Desert. The" devices" are hemispherical objects of glass or porcelain, ending in a cone with a drop of mercury inside.
Italian scientist, Dr. Roberto Pinotti, who has made an exhaustive study of the history of Indian astronautics, spoke at the World Space Conference, explaining that the vimanas were similar to modern jet propelled flying machines. He said certain descriptions of the Vimanas seemed 'too detailed and technical in nature to be labeled as myth.' He cited various texts to show there were 32 secrets relating to the operation of Vimanas, some of which could be compared to modern day use of radar, solar energy and photography. Quoting from 'Vymanika Shastra' he said the ancient flying devices of India were made from special heat absorbing metals named 'Somaka, Soundalike and Mourthwika.' He said the text also discussed the seven kinds of mirror and lenses installed aboard for defensive and offensive uses. The so-called 'Pinjula Mirror' offered a sort of 'visual shield' preventing the pilots from being blinded by 'evil rays' and the weapon 'Marika' used to shoot enemy aircraft 'does not seem too different from what we today called laser technology.' According to the Italian expert, the 'principles of Page 1 propulsion as far as the descriptions were concerned, might be defined as electrical and chemical but solar energy was also involved. For instance, the 'Tripura Vimana' mentioned in 'Vymanika Shastra' was a large craft operated by 'motive power generated by solar rays,' Dr. Pinotti said, adding 'its elongated form was surely much closer to that of a modern blimp.' Sophisticated design: According to Dr. Pinotti, the huge 'Shakuna Vimana' described in the text 'might be defined as a cross between a plane and a rocket of our times and its design might remind one of today's space shuttle.' 'Surely, it expresses the most complex and sophisticated aeronautical design among all the other descriptions of Vimanas mentioned in the 'Vymanika Shastra,' he exclaimed. Dr. Pinotti, said another text, 'Samarangana Sutradhara' had 230 stanzas devoted to the principles of building Vimanas and their use in peace and war. He explained that ancient Aryans knew the use of the element 'fire' as could be seen from their 'Astra' weapons that included Soposamhara (flame belching missile), Prasvapna (which caused sleep) and four kinds of Agni Astras that traveled in sheets of flame and produced thunder. He said the car that was supposed to go up to Suryamandal (solar system) and the Naksatramandala (stellar system) cannot be dismissed as a myth because of the 'technical nature' of its description. Dr. Pinotti said depictions of space travel, total destruction by incredible weapons and the fact that Vimanas resembled modern unidentified flying objects would suggest that India had a 'superior but forgotten civilization.'

India, according to Dr. V. Raghavan, retired head of the Sanskrit department of India‟s prestigious University of Madras, was playing host to extraterrestrials in prehistory. He contends that centuries-old documents in Sanskrit (the classical language of India and Hinduism) prove that aliens from outer space visited his nation. "Fifty years of researching this ancient works convinces me that there are livings beings on other planets and that they visited earth as far back as 4,000 B.C.," The scholar says. "There‟s just a mass of fascinating information about flying machines, even fantastic

science fiction weapons that can be found in translations of the Vedas (scriptures), Indian epics, and other ancient Sanskrit texts. "In the Mahabharata there is mention of divine lighting and ray weapons, even a kind of hypnotic weapon. And in the Ramayana, there is a description of Vimanas, or flying machines that navigated at great heights with the aid of quicksilver and a great propulsive wind." The Ramayana describes a beautiful aerial chariot which 'arrived shining…a wonderful divine car that sped through the air'. In another passage, there is mention of a chariot being seen 'sailing overhead like a moon.' The Mahabharata describes "At Rama‟s behest, the magnificent chariot rose up to a mountain of clouds" Another passage reads: "Bhima flew with his Vimana on an enormous ray which was as brilliant as the sun and made a noise like the thunder of a storm." In the ancient Vymanka-Shastra (science of aeronautics), there is a description of a Vimana: "An apparatus which can go by its own force, from place to place or globe to globe." Dr. Raghavan points out, "The text‟s revelations become even more astounding. Thirty-one parts-of which the machine consists, are described, including a photographing mirror underneath. The text also enumerates 16 kinds of metal that are needed to construct the flying vehicle, But only three of them are known to us today. The rest remain untranslatable."

Dr. A. V. Krishna Murty, professor of aeronautics at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore says, "the ancient Indian Vedas and other text refer to aeronautics, spaceships, flying machines, and even astronauts. A study of the Sanskrit texts has convinced me that ancient India did know the secret of building flying machines-and that those machines were patterned after spaceships coming from other planets."

In the Mahabharatra, we learn that an individual named Asura Maya had a Vimana measuring twelve cubits in circumference, with four strong wheels. The poem is a veritable gold mine of information relating to conflicts between gods who settled their differences apparently using weapons as lethal as the ones we are capable of deploying. Apart from 'blazing missiles', the poem records the use of other deadly weapons. 'Indra's Dart' operated via a circular 'reflector'. When switched on, it produced a 'shaft of light' which, when focused on any target, immediately 'consumed it with its power'. In one particular exchange, the hero, Krishna, is pursuing his enemy, Salva, in the sky, when Salva's Vimana, the Saubha is made invisible in some way. Undeterred, Krishna immediately fires off a special weapon: 'I quickly laid on an arrow, which killed by seeking out sound'. Many other terrible weapons are described in the Mahabharata, but the most fearsome of all is the one used against the Vrishis. The narrative records Gurkha flying in his swift and powerful Vimana hurled against the three cities of the Vrishis and Andhakas a single projectile charged with all the power of the Universe. An incandescent column of smoke and fire, as brilliant as ten thousands suns, rose in its entire splendor. It was the unknown weapon, the Iron Thunderbolt, a gigantic messenger of death which reduced to ashes the entire race of the Vrishnis and Andhakas. The after-affects of this Iron Thunderbolt have an

ominously recognizable ring. Apparently, those killed by it were so burnt that their corpses were unidentifiable. The survivor‟s fared little better, as it caused their hair and nails to fall out. Perhaps the most disturbing and challenging, information about these allegedly mythical Vihmanas in the ancient records is that there are some matter-of-fact records, describing how to build one. In their way, the instructions are quite precise.

The Indian Emperor Ashoka started a "Secret Society of the Nine Unknown Men": great Indian scientists who were supposed to catalogue the many sciences. Ashoka kept their work secret because he was afraid that the advanced science catalogued by these men, culled from ancient Indian sources, would be used for the evil purpose of war. The" Nine Unknown Men" wrote a total of nine books, presumably one each. One of the books was "The Secrets of Gravitation", which dealt chiefly with "gravity control." It is presumably still around somewhere, kept in a secret library in India, Tibet or perhaps even in North America somewhere.

Years ago, the Chinese discovered some Sanskrit documents in Lhasa, Tibet and sent them to the University of Chandrigarh to be translated. According to Dr. Ruth Reyna of the University the documents contain directions for building interstellar spaceships! Their method of propulsion, she said, was "anti- gravitational" and was based upon a system analogous to that of "laghima," the unknown power of the ego existing in man's physiological makeup, "a centrifugal force strong enough to counteract all gravitational pull." According to Hindu Yogis, it is this same "laghima" which enables a person to levitate. Dr. Reyna said that on board these machines, called "Astras" by the ancient Indian text could send a detachment of men onto any planet. The manuscripts were also said to reveal the secret of "antima"; "the cap of invisibility" and "garima"; "how to become as heavy as a mountain of lead." The Ramayana contains a highly detailed story about a trip to the moon in a Vimana (Astra), and in fact describes a battle on the moon with an "Asvin" (or Atlantean") airship.

At least 20 passages in the Rigveda (1028 hymns to the gods) refer exclusively to the flying vehicle of the Asvins. This flying machine is represented as three-storied, triangular and three –wheeled. It could carry at least three passengers. According to tradition the machine was made of gold, silver and iron, and had two wings. With this flying machine the Asvins saved King Bhujyu who was in distress at sea
.

The description of these ancient flying machines in old Indian texts are amazingly precise. The difficulty we are faced with today is basically that the texts mention various metals and alloys which we have no understanding of. In the Amarangasutradhara five flying machines were originally built for the gods Brahma, Vishnu, Yama, Kuvera and Indra. Later there were some additions. Four main types of flying Vimanas are described: Rukma, Sundara, Tripura and Sakuna. The Rukma were conical in shape and dyed gold, whereas the Sundata were like rockets and had a silver sheen. The Tripura

were three-storied and the Sakuna looked like birds. There were 113 subdivisions of these four main types that differed only in minor details. The position and functioning of the solar energy collectors are described in the Vaimanika Shastra. It says that eight tubes had to be made of special glass absorbing the sun‟s ray. A whole series of details are listed, some of which we do not understand. The Amaranganasutradhara even explains the drive, the controls and the fuel for the flying machine. It says that quicksilver and „Rasa‟ were used. Unfortunately we do not yet know what "Rasa‟ was. Ten sections deal with themes such as pilot training, flight paths, the individual parts of flying machines, as well as clothing for pilots and passengers, and the food recommended for long flights. There was much technical detail: the metals used, heat-absorbing metals and their melting point, the propulsion units and various types of flying machines. The information about metals used in construction name three sorts, somala, soundaalika and mourthwika. If they were mixed in the right proportions, the result was 16 kinds of heat-absorbing metals with names like ushnambhara, ushnapaa, raajaamlatrit, etc. which cannot be translated into English. The texts also explained how to clean metals, the acids such as lemon or apple to be used and the correct mixture, the right oils to work with and the correct temperature for them. Seven types of engine are described with the special functions for which they are suited and the altitudes at which they work best. The catalogue is not short of data about the size of the machines, which had stories, nor of their suitability for various purposes.

The Samara Sutradhara is a scientific treatise dealing with every possible angle of air travel in a Vimana. There are 230 stanzas dealing with the construction, take-off, cruising for thousand of miles, normal and forced landings and even possible collisions with birds. In 1875, the Vaimanika Sastra, (or Vymaanika-Shaastra) a fourth century B.C. text written by Bharadvajy the Wise, using even older texts as his source, was rediscovered in a temple in India. It dealt with the operation of Vimanas and included information on the steering, precautions for long flights, protection of the airships from storms and lightning and how to switch the drive to "solar energy" from a free energy source which sounds like "anti-gravity." The text has eight chapters with diagrams, describing three types of aircraft, including apparatuses that could neither catch on fire nor break. It also mentions 31 essential parts of these vehicles and 16 materials from which they are constructed, which absorb light and heat; for which reason they were considered suitable for the construction of Vimanas. (This document has been translated into English and is available by writing the publisher: "Vymaanidashaastra Aeronautics" by Maharishi Bharadwaaja, translated into English and edited, printed and published by Mr. G. R.Josyer, Mysore, India, 1979. Mr. Josyer is the director of the International Academy of Sanskrit Investigation, located in Mysore.) Bharadvajy the Wise refers to no less than

seventy authorities and 10 experts of air travel in antiquity. (These sources are now lost.) Vimanas were kept in a Vimana Griha, a kind of hanger, and were sometimes said to be propelled by a yellowish-white liquid and sometimes by some sort of mercury compound, though writers seem confused in this matter. It is most likely that the later writers on Vimanas, wrote as observers and from earlier texts, and were understandably confused on the principle of their propulsion. The "yellowish- white liquid" sounds suspiciously like gasoline, and perhaps Vimanas had a number of different propulsion sources, including combustion engines and even "pulse-jet" engines.

It is interesting to note, that the Nazis developed the first practical pulse-jet engines for their V-8 rocket "buzz bombs." Hitler and the Nazi staff were exceptionally interested in ancient India and Tibet and sent expeditions to both these places yearly, starting in the 30's, in order to gather esoteric evidence that they did so, and perhaps it was from these people that the Nazis gained some of their scientific information. According to the Dronaparva, part of the Mahabharata, and the Ramayana, one Vimana described was shaped like a sphere and born along at great speed on a mighty wind generated by mercury. It moved like a UFO, going up, down, backwards and forwards as the pilot desired. In another Indian source, the Samar, Vimanas were "iron machines, well-knit and smooth, with a charge of mercury that shot out of the back in the form of a roaring flame." It is possible that mercury did have something to do with the propulsion, or more possibly, with the guidance system. Curiously, Soviet scientists have discovered what they call "age-old instruments used in navigating cosmic vehicles" in caves in Turkestan and the Gobi Desert. The" devices" are hemispherical objects of glass or porcelain, ending in a cone with a drop of mercury inside.

The Vedas, thought to be the oldest of all the Indian texts, describe Vimanas of various shapes and sizes: the "ahnihotravimana" with two engines, the"elephant-vimana" with more engines, and other types named after the kingfisher, ibis and other animals. Unfortunately, Vimanas, like most scientific discoveries, were ultimately used for war. The Atlanteans, known as "Asvins" in the Indian writings, were more advanced technologically than the Indians. Some information has come down through esoteric, "occult" sources which describe their flying machines as similar, if not identical to Vimanas. The Atlantean Vailixi were generally "cigar shaped" and had the capability of maneuvering underwater as well as in the atmosphere or even outer space. Other vehicles, like the Vimanas, were saucer shaped, and could also be submerged. In a 1966 article, Eklal Kueshana (author of "The Ultimate Frontier") wrote that the Vailixi were first developed in Atlantis 20,000 years ago, and the most common ones were "saucer shaped of generally trapezoidal cross- section with three hemispherical engine pods on the underside. They used a mechanical antigravity device driven by engines developing approximately 80,000 horsepower.

According to the Indian texts, the Atlanteans used their flying machines, "the Vailixi," to subjugate the world. The Ramayana, Mahabarata and other texts speak of the hideous war that took place, some ten or twelve thousand years ago between Atlantis and Rama using weapons of destruction that could not be imagined by readers until the second half of this century. The Mahabharata goes on to tell the awesome destructiveness of the war: "...(the weapon was) a single projectile charged with all the power of the Universe. An incandescent column of smoke and flame as bright as the thousand suns rose in its entire splendor. An iron thunderbolt, a gigantic messenger of death, reduced to ashes the entire race of the Vrishnis and the Andhakas. The corpses were so burned as to be unrecognizable. The hair and nails fell out; pottery broke without apparent cause, and the birds turned white.... after a few hours all foodstuffs were infected.... to escape from this fire, the soldiers threw themselves in streams to wash themselves and their equipment..." It would seem that the Mahabharata is describing an atomic war! References like this one are not isolated; but battles, using a fantastic array of weapons and aerial vehicles are common in all the epic Indian books. One even describes a Vimana-Vailix battle on the Moon! The above section very accurately describes what an atomic explosion would look like and the effects of the radioactivity on the population. Jumping into water is the only respite. When the Rishi City of Mohenjodaro was excavated by archaeologists in the last century, they found skeletons just lying in the streets, some of them holding hands, as if some great doom had suddenly overtaken them. These skeletons are among the most radioactive ever found, on a par with those found at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Ancient cities whose brick and stonewalls have literally been vitrified, that is-fused together, can be found in India, Ireland, Scotland, France, Turkey and other places. There is no logical explanation for the vitrification of stone forts and cities, except from an atomic blast. Furthermore, the streets of Mohenjo-Daro, a well planned city laying on a grid, with a plumbing system superior to those used in Pakistan and India today, were found littered with "black lumps of glass." These globs of glass were discovered to be clay pots that had melted under intense heat!

With the cataclysmic sinking of Atlantis and the wiping out of Rama with atomic weapons, the world collapsed into a "dark age" of sorts. Yet, it would seem that not all the Vimanas and Vailixi of Rama and Atlantis were lost or destroyed. Built to last for thousands of years, many of them may still be in use, as evidenced by Ashoka's "Nine Unknown Men" and the Lhasa manuscript. That secret societies or "Brotherhoods" of exceptional, "enlightened" human beings would have preserved these inventions and the knowledge of science, history, etc., does not seem surprising. Many well known historical personages including Jesus, Buddah, Lao Tzu, Confucius, Krishna, Zoroaster, Mahavira, Quetzalcoatl, Akhenaton, Moses, and more recent inventors and of course many other people who will probably remain anonymous, were probably members of such a secret organization. It has been suggested by many writers that these "Brotherhoods" keep some of their Vimanas and Vailixi in secret caverns in Tibet or some other place is

Central Asia, and the Lop Nor Desert in western China is known to be the center of a great UFO mystery. Perhaps it is here that many of the airships are still kept, in underground bases much as the Americans, British and Soviets have built around the world in the past few decades.

Still, not all UFO activity can be accounted for by old Vimanas making trips to the Moon for some reason. Unknown alloys have been revealed in the ancient palm leaf manuscripts. The writer and Sanskrit scholar Subramanyam Iyer has spent many years of his life deciphering old collections of palm leaves found in the villages of his native Karnataka in southern India. One of the palm leaf manuscripts they intend to decipher is the Amsu Bodhini, which, according to an anonymous text of 1931, contains information about the planets; the different kinds of light, heat, color, and electromagnetic fields; the methods used to construct machines capable of attracting solar rays and, in turn, of analyzing and separating their energy components; the possibility of conversing with people in remote places and sending messages by cable; and the manufacture of machines to transport people to other planets!

Ancient Wars

Flying machines are commonplace in the ancient Indian texts and several popular epics describe their use in warfare. Depending on one's point of view, either it contains some of the earliest known science fiction, or it records conflict between beings with weapons as powerful and advanced as anything used today.

The Battle of Krishna - Mahabharata

"Vrishnis, a tribe whose warriors include the hero Krishna, are beset by the forces of a leader named Shalva. The cruel Shalva had come mounted on the Saubha chariot that can go anywhere and from it he killed many valiant Vrishni youths and evilly devastated all city parks."

"The Saubha is at once Shalva's city, flagship and battle headquarters. In it, he can fly wherever he chooses. Fortunately, the Vrishni heroes are similarly well equipped and at one point have Shalva at their mercy. The hero Pradyumna is about to finish him off with a "special weapon" when the highest gods intervened. They stopped him from using it, saying "Not a man in battle is safe from this arrow. "

"Krishna took to the sky in pursuit of Shalva, but his Saubha clung to the sky at a leagues length... He threw at me rockets, missiles, spears, spikes, battleaxes, three-bladed javelins, flame-throwers, without pausing... The sky... seemed to hold a hundred suns, a hundred moons... and a hundred myriad stars. Neither day nor night could be made out, or the points of a compass. "

"Krishna, however, wards off Shalva's attack with what sounds like antiballistic missiles; I warded them off as they loomed towards me. With my swift-striking shafts, as they flashed through the sky, And i cut them into two or three pieces with mine -- There was a great din in the sky above. However, the Saubha becomes invisible. Krishna then loads a special weapon."

"I quickly lay on an arrow, which killed by seeking out sound, to kill them... All the Danavas [Shalva's troops] who had been screeching now lay dead, killed by the blazing sun like arrows that were triggered by sound. However, the Sauba itself escaped the attack. Krishna fires his "favorite fire weapon" at it, a discus shaped like the "haloed sun". The discus breaks the Saubha in two, and the city falls from the sky, killing Shalva."

Renowned in academia for his scholarly notated rendition of the Mahabharata, Sanskritist J. A. B. Van Buitenen comments on the eventual destruction of Shalva‟s aircraft and its personnel by Krishna:

"Here we have an account of a hero who took these visiting astronauts for what they were: intruders and enemies. The aerial city is nothing but an armed camp….no doubt a spaceship. The name of the demons is also revealing: they were Nivatakavacas, "clad in airtight armor," which can hardly be anything but spacesuits."

The Mahabharata also challenges us with the exploits of self-sufficient cities stationed in outer space. Depending on no other planet or physical locale for support, these space stations, as we can call them, cruised in space indefinitely. Arjuna, the hero of the Mahabharata, attacked a space station named Hiranyapura, peopled by dangerous entities of the malefic Daitya races.

Eluding Arjuna‟s pursuit, the space city abandoned its position in outer space and took shelter on Earth. Resembling the reported behavior of modern UFO, the besieged flying city attempted to escape underwater. It also fled underground. Arjuna was able to follow the Daitya space station wherever it tried to escape on Earth. Then, as the city took off for outer space again, he blasted it – breaking it apart. When debris and bodies fell to the Earth, the Mahabharata describes that Arjuna landed to make sure there were no survivors.

Battle of hero Adwattan - Mahabharata

"The Agneya weapon, a "blazing missile of smokeless fire" is unleashed; Dense arrows of flame, like a great shower, issued forth upon creation, encompassing the enemy... A thick gloom swiftly settled upon the Pandava hosts. All points of the compass were lost in darkness. Fierce winds began to blow. Clouds roared upward, showering dust and gravel... the very elements seemed disturbed. The sun seemed to waver in the heavens. The earth shook, scorched by the terrible violent heat of this weapon. Elephants burst into flame and others ran to and fro in a frenzy... over a vast area, other animals crumpled to the ground and died. From all points of the compass the arrows of flame rained continuously and fiercely."

"Gurkha, flying in his swift and powerful Vimana, hurled against the three cities of the Vrishnis and Andhakas a single projectile charged with all the power of the universe. An incandescent column of smoke and fire, as brilliant as ten thousand suns, rose in its entire splendor. It was the unknown weapon, the iron thunderbolt, a gigantic messenger of death which reduced to ashes the entire race of Vrishnis and Andhakas. It was as if the elements had been unleashed. The sun spun round. Scorched by the incandescent heat of the weapon, the world reeled in fever. Elephants were set on fire by the heat and ran to and fro in a frenzy to seek protection from the terrible violence. The water boiled, the animals died, the enemy was mown down and the raging of the blaze made the trees collapse in rows as in a forest fire. The elephants made a fearful trumpeting and sank dead to the ground over a vast area. Horses and war chariots were burnt up and the scene looked like the aftermath of a conflagration. Thousands of chariots were destroyed, then deep silence descended on the sea. The winds, began to blow and the earth grew bright. It was a terrible sight to see. The corpses of the fallen were mutilated by the terrible heat so that they no longer looked like human beings. Never before have we seen such a ghastly weapon and never before have we heard of such a weapon."

David W. Davenport, author of "2000 AC Diztruzione Atomica, Atomic Destruction 2000. BC." claimed to have proof that Mohenjo Daro, one of the oldest cities in the history of human civilization, had been destroyed by an atomic bomb. Originally Mohenjo Daro, which is more than 5000 years old, lay on two islands in the Indus. Within a radius of 1.5 km Davenport demonstrates three different degrees of devastation which

spread from the center outwards. Enormous heat unleashed total destruction at the center. Thousands of lumps, christened „black stones‟ by archaeologists, turned out to be fragments of clay vessels which had melted into each other in the extreme heat. The possibility of a volcanic eruption is excluded because there is no hardened lava or volcanic ash in or near Mohenjo Daro. Davenport assumed that the brief intensive heat reached 2000 degree C. causing the ceramic vessels to melt. Iin the suburbs of Mohenjo Daro skeletons of people lying flat on the ground, often hand in hand were found, as if the living had been suddenly overcome by an unexpected catastrophe.

In these series of wars thermonuclear devices were used, and when it was over and the dust cleared, there was no winner. The Outback in Australia, the Mojave Desert, parts of the Gobi Desert and the Sahara are a reminder of the futility of this type of war.

Note:

Taltala:

Maya Danava was described as having given a vimana to the Indian King Salva and was a being from the planetary system called Taltala Although I could not find any planetary or star system having that name, Taltala is commonly used in India and was given as the name of the sea god of Atlantis, also known as Poseidon.

An anagram for the word


Taltala is AtlAtl which is a ‘nahuatl’ word describing a weapon of war –
The atlatl is a device that is used to throw a light weight spear called a dart with considerable mechanical advantage. Atlatls were widely used world wide before the advent of the bow and arrow. Atlatl (pronounced like 'atlantic') is a „Nahuatl‟ (Aztec) word for spear thrower. In Australia, the Aborigines call it the Woomera. The oldest known atlatl is more than 19,000 years old. It is believed that the atlatl was in use for more than 40,000 years. With the atlatl, humans gained a tremendous hunting advantage and this accelerated the extinction of many large mammals throughout the world. The power that the atlatl imparts to the spear is so great that the Aztecs started reusing atlatl technology to pierce the armor of Spanish Conquistadors in the sixteenth century.

In separating Tal-tala we have Tal/Tala which means „Top or Surface‟ and Atal/Atala meaning „Under the Surface‟ . By adding a „n‟ to Tala we have Talan which is

the Sanskrit word for "People of the Surface or Upperworld." It would be logical to assume that in turn by adding a „n‟ to Atala making it Atalan we have the meaning „People of the Underworld‟.

 

Vedic Physics/ Indian science looted by western/Arabian-Part 1. INDIA SET TO RISE AGAIN!!!!


What world has to say?
BBC-WHILE Europe was in stone age-India flourished.
The invaders British, Muslim interrupted and stifled a genius civilization. Mark Twain: "India is, the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the great grand mother of tradition. our most valuable and most instructive materials in the history of man are treasured up in India only." Albert Einstein: "We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made."
 
Made in India-What the Ancient India Did for all  LINK- BBC
 
What ancients Indians new- LINK
Sanskrit Language: The Most Scientific, Ancient, Spiritual- Dr Dean Brown, Theoritical Physicist
 
Really, no surprise here. Indians are the smartest people on earth, if you look at their at least 12,000 yrs of history, (although Ramayan dated 15millions years ago)even though they were constantly invaded by Barbarians (British looters, French looters, so called German scholars) from Europe, Arabia and Persia for the past 1000 yrs.

If it weren't for Indian civilization's discovery/Invention of science and technology until 18th century, so called the west and rest of the world would be roaming in the woods, caves,painted.

Indian civilization gave birth to Mathematics (Algebra, Arithmetic, Trigonometry, Geometry, Decimal system, Calculus, Numbers 0 to 9, place value system etc) Astronomy, Metallurgy, Medicine, Plastic surgery, Linguistics, and High Philosophies) and also developed them to an advanced level for misappropriation by European looters and the west since the 18th century. The sad truth is - the looting part still continues. For instance, India's traditional knowledge system like yoga techniques are still being digested by the westerners with out even an acknowledgment of the Indian source eg Yoga nidra, sold in the west as Lucid dreaming and Transcendental meditation is another technique looted by so called western scientists. Multiple Intelligences is another knowledge area ripped off from Indian Vedic texts by the west. The list goes on and on. Did they ever acknowledge the Indian source? a BIG NO.

Western scientists not only de-link the Indian source but also start abusing the Indian source by funding Indian socialists/communists who hate anything related to Indian civilization's past, Indian Journalists who work for foreign media, and Pseudo-secularists. Indian space research organization's (ISRO) efforts to build a cryogenic engine was successfully sabotaged by the west in the early 90s. Nambi Narayanan's (ex ISRO) case is a proof of that. Strange nexus is there between Indian communists and the west as far as distortion and discouragement of Indian civilization's glorious past is concerned.

The Fractal mindset of Brilliant Hindu/Indian Mathematicians and Astronomers can never be replicated by Western scientists , regardless of how hard they try to rip off and come up with all kinds of Brain models and Brain theories. Western Philosophies, religion and thought process, just don't have it in them. So, they come back running to India, every time they run out of ideas.

Ever wondered why average European minds during so called dark ages for 1500 yrs suddenly started discovering science like calculus and gravity since 18th century (which Indians did thousands of yrs before). Thanks to colonization of INDIA in the 18th century. We have to look at the discontinuation of thought process of Europeans for 1500 yrs here. I mean come on, Germans, couldn't have created a Vortex engine design out of thin air without Indian Vedic texts.

According to Stephen Knapp, the Vaimanika Shastra (ancient Hindu manuscript on the construction and use of flying machines). describes in detail, the construction of what is called, the mercury vortex engine the forerunner of the ion engines being made today by NASA. Knapp adds that additional information on the mercury engines can be found in the ancient Vedic text called Samaranga Sutradhara. This text also devotes 230 verses, to the use of these machines in peace and war. The Indologist William Clarendon, who has written down a detailed description of the mercury vortex engine in his translation of Samaranga Sutradhara quotes thus ‘Inside the circular air frame, place the mercury-engine with its solar mercury boiler at the aircraft center.

Fibonacci (Italian mathematician) was the one who introduced Indian numbers 0 to 9 to the west in 1200 AD and until then, Europe was struggling with Roman numerals. LOL Indian mathematicians had already solved advanced mathematical problems by 500 AD which baffled rest of the world, with the discovery of Calculus in 486 AD by a Brilliant Hindu/Indian mathematician and astronomer called Bhaskara II

Socrates, the famous Greek philosopher, was the teacher of Plato. Socrates of course claims to have been enlightened by the teachings of Pythagoras who preceded him by 200 years. It is also historically known and should be remembered that Pythagoras studied in India; he was a vegetarian, virtually unheard of anywhere else, and learned the philosophy and Mathematics of India and taught it in Greece.
So if we are to accept the well-known saying in academia that western philosophy is simply footnotes to Plato, it is then logical to say that the knowledge of India has been leaking into western culture for thousands of years. That this is not understood is a shame because it's both extremely exciting and a huge aspect of our human heritage. The Abrahamic religions, however, especially Islam and Christianity, have been very resistant to this idea because of their own institutional agendas. So knowledge from India that leaked in to other cultures has often remained either hidden or was simply incorporated into western thought without credit to India.

Origin of Music

Hindu Vedic Music is the basis of world music. German Author, Weber writes in his book on " Indian Literature"

" The Hindu Scale - Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Nee, has been borrowed by Persians, where we find it in the form of do, re, ma, fa, so, le, ci. It came to the west and was introduced by Guido d' Arezzo in Europe in the form of do, re, mi, fa, sol, lo, ti .... even the gamma of Guido (French Gramma, English Gammut) goes back to the Hindu Sanskrit gramma and Prakrit gamma and is thus a direct testimony of the Indian/Hindu origin of our European scale of seven notes".

Many people don't know that Egyptian Pyramids were built with the help of Hindu/Indian Maharishis who used Sri Yantra (Hindu cosmic diagram) a complex 3D Geometry which used Golden Ratio. It came from the Fractal mindset of ancient Indian/Hindus. Egyptians had no clue about it. Swami Vivekananda realized that when he looked at the Pyramids in Egypt. The golden ratio was stolen by an Italian Fibonacci , from the mystic Vaastu geometry of Sri Yantra of Indian Vedic times, along with so called Fibonacci numbers and of course put his name under them. Shame on European looters

Maya, Inca and Aztec civilizations were also founded by ancient Hindus/ Indians. The Mayan calendar , which everybody knows about , is nothing but a Vedic calendar made by Maya Danava. The Mayan calendar began with the Fifth Great Cycle in 3114 BC and ended on 21st December 2012 AD. In Surya Siddhantam, Maya described how eclipses were caused..

Indian civilization was the largest economy and richest civilization between 1AD to 1700 AD with a GDP of 25 to 30% until the time of British invasion in the 18th century, according to Angus MADDISON's 20yrs research on world economy for 2000 yrs. He was funded by OECD countries. His book World economy: a millennial perspective and historical statistics, says it all.

India was also the largest manufacturer and exporter of Iron and steel and textiles until the British looters DE-INDUSTRIALIZED Indian civilization and shifted both these technologies to Britain and made them as twin engines of so called Industrial revolution.

Now history is repeating itself. India is already the third largest economy in the world and set to become the largest economy before 2050 with a GDP of 85 trillion dollars in terms of PPP according to a report by CITI private bank and knight frank report.
 
 

Wednesday, January 29, 2014

5 LAYERED HUMAN BEING


A human being is part consciousness (Atma - soul) wrapped in 5 layers known as Panchkosha inVedanta. The layers are Physical Body (Annmaya Kosha), Energy Body (Pranamaya Kosha), Mind Body (Manomaya Kosha), Intuition Body (Vigyanmaya Kosha), and Joy Body (Anandmaya Kosha).
Anandmaya Kosha is part consciousness (Atma) carrying the core desire with a purpose to manifest and experience joy. This innermost core body of one's being has a pure part of Universal Consciousness (Parma Atma) experienced as eternal joy or bliss. Other functions of this Kosha (body) are co-creation like the Creator himself, peak experiences of super consciousness and sexual ecstasy (beyond normal sexual pleasures).
Vigyanmaya Kosha is the second innermost layer which is responsible for all the new knowledge and intuitive functioning of human beings. The other functions of Vigyanamaya Kosha are ordinary awareness for day to day intuitive working, which facilitates you in deciding what to do next and how to do it. Only from this Kosha do you get intuitive solutions in intense situations when the logical mind is not able to answer your questions. The natural function of healing inside the human body is also governed by this Kosha.
Manomaya Kosha is the domain of functions of the human mind. This is the central layer among the 5Kosha. The function of this Kosha is primarily to receive information through 5 senses and process that information for manifestation of core purpose. Manomaya Kosha has 3 layers as recognized by contemporary psychology. They are conscious mind, sub-conscious and super conscious state of mind. In Medical Science these states are studied in brain wave theory and known as Beta, Alpha, Theta and Delta states of brain activity. Through Yogic or Tantric meditations, awareness is expanded to Alpha, Theta and Delta brain wave patterns, where an ordinary human being falls asleep, that's when Alpha waves are activated in the brain.
In an experiment EEG tests (Electro Encephalogram - an instrument used to record brain waves) were done while meditators were in meditative state. These EEG actually showed Alpha to Delta brain wave patterns even while those meditators were in fully aware state.
The conscious state of mind is responsible for perception through the 5 sense organs and then taking action via the physical body to perform day to day functions.
The sub-conscious mind receives information from the conscious mind and stores the complete information. In acute cases of emergency or through regular meditative practices the sub-conscious mind receives knowledge from Vigayanamaya Kosha which is called sixth sense or intuition. The deeper sub-conscious or super conscious state of mind is when a person is aware at Theta and Delta brain waves. In this state of mind person gives instant healing or give some innovative outputs.
The Pranamaya Kosha is energy body depicted by Kundalini, sun and moon channels and 7 Chakrasalong the spinal column. Each one of the 7 Chakras is responsible for controlling different organs in the human body at conscious and sub-conscious levels of mind. When awareness is extended to the super conscious state then these Chakras open up to perceive the new realities of universe and start illuminating by healing all the body functions. In Yogic literature the level of illumination and opening of these Chakras is the basis for measuring the evolution of an individual's mind and soul.
Annmaya Kosha is the outer most and physical form of a human being- that is the human body. TheAnnmaya Kosha is made up of 5 elements (Air, Fire, Earth, Space and Water). It is nurtured and sustained by food (Ann), that’s why this is called Annmaya Kosha. In Ayurveda disease is recognised as imbalance of tridosha - Vata (Air + Space), Pitta (Fire) and Kapha (Water + Earth)]. Through physical body the part consciousness (Atma) manifests the core desire to experience the absolute joy. But due to the conditioning of social and academic environments a person gets programmed at the different levels of different Koshas. Thus making him experience pain and miseries. To manifest one's purpose on this planet, human beings create the structures in the form of buildings to perform certain functions. And these structures become the living or working environment for human beings.
In the Hindu Alchemy of Space; pain, misery and blockages of mind are due to the deviation from the core desire of one's Anadamaya Kosha or soul. The living environments are either supportive toManomaya Kosha and Pranmaya Kosha or the living environment also becomes responsible for negative conditioning and programming and thus, cause problems in one's life. In MahaVastu™ the points of blockages are recognised at the different layers of existence thus creating a way for human consciousness to manifest its core purpose.

INFLUENCE OF STARTS AND PLANETS

Stars and planets, the objects of the external Space (Universe), are responsible for the programming of your sub-conscious mind at Manomaya Kosha. This creates the life you are experiencing now. Your purpose of life, your goals, your choices, inborn habits, inclinations of mind, your reference points of happiness and pain, your own philosophy of how you lead your life, are some part of that programming, among many more.

The movement of the stars and planets in their respective trajectories act as a Cosmic Clock for timing the events in your life, and programming your sub-conscious mind. Man understood this secret 12000 years ago. Since then, he has been studying stars, planets, and their movements, in order to understand the core (or true) purpose of his being on this planet. This has helped him manifest his core desire and experience the eternal joy by focusing his attention and energies on his 'true purpose' only.
 
Man has understood this fact very well that the cause of misery and pain lies in deviation from his core purpose. And to keep himself aligned, man has been observing the stars for ages. That is also how the development of Hindu Astrological System ('Jyotish') initiated.

The word 'Jyotish' means "Illuminated Divine Lights Showing the True Path". The word 'Religion' means "Getting Aligned Again". In Hindu Astrology, the Moon stands for the sub-conscious mind. Whereas, Mercury is considered to stand for the ordinary conscious mind, with analytical and reasoning faculties. Only in Hindu Astrology, the timing of events is worked out from position of the Moon at birth time. When the Moon is studied for seconds, minutes and degrees (120° for 120 years), then a certain combination of planets gives accurate timing of events. This calculation goes up to the accuracy of an hour for happening of an event in one's life. This system is known as 120 year situation method (Vimshottari Dasha Padhhati), given by eminent Hindu astrologer Sage Parashar In 5th Century B.C.

Hindu mystics decoded the mystery of life thousands of years ago. The most amazing part is that they mathematically derived the process of evolution for an individual, based on planetary positions at birth, their transits and their programming for sub-conscious mind. More into this understanding is, working evolution of Chakras with position of planets in the birth chart of an individual. In the application of MahaVastu™, the birth chart is studied from this angle. The design of building is then decided. Each individual horoscope is unique with its own purpose on the planet. Even Greeks in the past studied horoscopes with this thought in mind. So that by defining one's purpose, structures can be made to perform the desired function.
 

The Samrat yantra


The Samrat yantra or the 'Supreme Instrument' is Jai Singh's most important creation. The instrument is basically an equinoctial sundial, which had been in use in one form or the other for hundreds of years in different parts of the world. In India, Brahmagupta (AD 598) describes Kartari yantra, an equinoctial sundial, which operates on the same principle as the Samrat. Jai Singh however, turned the simple equinoctial sundial into a tool of great precision for measuring time and the coordinates of a celestial object.

The Jantar Mantar was the largest of the five Astronomical Observatories built by Jai Singh. The Samrat Yantra is the world's largest sundial, standing 27 meters (73 feet) high.The Samrat Yantra, pictured far right and in illustrations, below, is the largest sundial in the world. It’s gnomon rises over 73 feet above its base, and the marble faced quadrants, 9 feet in width, create an arc that reaches 45 feet in height.The primary object of a Samrat is to indicate the apparent solar time or local time of a place. On a clear day, as the sun journeys from east to west, the shadow of the Samrat gnomon sweeps the quadrant scales below from one end to the other. At a given moment, the time is indicated by the shadow’s edge on a quadrant.

The Jaipur observatory is the largest and best preserved of these. It has been inscribed on the World Heritage List as "an expression of the astronomical skills and cosmological concepts of the court of a scholarly prince at the end of the Mughal period"


The above One shows the principle of a Samrat yantra.
The instrument consists of a meridian wall ABC, in the shape of a right triangle, with its hypotenuse or the gnomon CA pointing toward the north celestial pole and its base BC horizontal along a north-south line. The angle ACB between the hypotenuse and the base equals the latitude lambda of the place. Projecting upward from a point S near the base of the triangle, are two quadrants SQ1 and SQ2 of radius DS. These quadrants are in a plane parallel to the equatorial plane. The center of the two 'quadrant arcs' lies at point D on the hyptenuse. The length and radius of the quadrants are such that, if put together, they would form a semicircle in the plane of the equator.


The tangential scale over Samrat gnomon. The scale indicates angle of declination.

The quadrants are graduated into equal-length divisions of time measuring units, such as ghatikas and palas, according to the Hindu system, or hours, minutes and seconds, according to the Western system. The upper two ends Q1 and Q2 of the quadrants indicate either the 15-ghatika marks for the Hindu system, or the 6 A.M. and the 6 P.M. marks according the Western system. The bottom-most point of both quadrants, on the other hand, indicates the zero ghatika or 12 noon. The hypotenuse of the gnomon edge AC is graduated to read the angle of declination. The declination scale is a tangential scale in which the division lenghts gradually increase according to the tangent of the declination angle as illustrated in figure 2. The zero marking of this scale is at point D. Further, the gnomon scale AC is divided into two sections, such that the section DA reads angle of declination to the north of the celestial equator, and the section DC reads the declination to the south, as illustrated in the figure 2. 


Samrat Yantra perspectives. The primary objective of a Samrat is to indicate the apparent solar time or local time of a place. On a clear day, as the sun journeys from east to west, the shadow of the Samrat gnomon sweeps the quadrant scales below from one end to the other. At a given moment, the time is indicated by the shadow's edge on a quadrant scale.
The right ascension (RA) of an object is determined by simultaneously measuring the hour angle of the object and the hour angle of a reference star. From the measurements, the difference between the right ascension of the two is calculated. By adding or subtracting this difference to the right ascension of the reference star, the RA of the object is determined.


To measure the declination of the sun with a Samrat, the observer moves a rod over the gnomon surface AC up or down until the rod's shadow falls on a quadrant scale below. The location of the rod on the gnomon scale then gives the declination of the sun. Declination measurements of a star or a planet require the collaboration of two observers. One observer stays near the quadrants below and, sighting the star through a sighting device, guides the assistant, who moves a rod up or down along the gnomon scale. The assistant does this until the vantage point V on a quadrant edge below, the gnomon edge above where the rod is placed, and the star - all three - are in one line. The location of the rod on the gnomon scale then indicates the declination of the star. 

Tuesday, January 28, 2014

Bhaskaracharya- The mathmatician , astrologer.

Photo: Ancient Indian Technology

Bhaskaracharya – The Crown Jewel of Mathematics and Astronomy


A Glance at the Astronomical Achievements of Bhaskaracharya

1. The Earth is not flat, has no support and has a power of attraction.

2. The north and south poles of the Earth experience six months of day and six months of night.

3. One day of Moon is equivalent to 15 earth-days and one night is also equivalent to 15 earth-days.

4. Bhaskaracharya had accurately calculated apparent orbital periods of the Sun and orbital periods of Mercury, Venus, and Mars. There is slight difference between the orbital periods he calculated for Jupiter and Saturn and the corresponding modern values.

5. Earth’s atmosphere extends to 96 kilometers and has seven parts.

6. There is a vacuum beyond the Earth’s atmosphere.

There have been several unscrupulous attempts to argue that there are traces of Diophantine influence in Bhaskara's work, but this once again seems like an attempt by European scholars to claim European influence on (all) the great works of mathematics. These claims should be ignored. Particularly in the field of algebra, Diophantus only looked at specific cases and did not achieve the general methods of the Indians.

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Bhaskaracharya – The Crown Jewel of Mathematics and Astronomy


A Glance at the Astronomical Achievements of Bhaskaracharya...

1. The Earth is not flat, has no support and has a power of attraction.

2. The north and south poles of the Earth experience six months of day and six months of night.

3. One day of Moon is equivalent to 15 earth-days and one night is also equivalent to 15 earth-days.

4. Bhaskaracharya had accurately calculated apparent orbital periods of the Sun and orbital periods of Mercury, Venus, and Mars. There is slight difference between the orbital periods he calculated for Jupiter and Saturn and the corresponding modern values.

5. Earth’s atmosphere extends to 96 kilometers and has seven parts.

6. There is a vacuum beyond the Earth’s atmosphere.

There have been several unscrupulous attempts to argue that there are traces of Diophantine influence in Bhaskara's work, but this once again seems like an attempt by European scholars to claim European influence on (all) the great works of mathematics. These claims should be ignored. Particularly in the field of algebra, Diophantus only looked at specific cases and did not achieve the general methods of the Indians.
 The period between 500 and 1200 AD was the golden age of Indian Astronomy. In this long span of time Indian Astronomy flourished mainly due to emi...nent astronomers like Aryabhat, Lallacharya, Varahamihir, Brahmagupta, Bhaskaracharya and others. Bhaskaracharya’s Siddhanta Shiromani is considered as the pinnacle of all the astronomical works of those 700 hundred years. It can be aptly called the “essence” of ancient Indian Astronomy and mathematics. In the ninth century Brahmagupta’s Brahmasphutasiddhanta was translated in Arabic. The title of the translation was ‘Sind Hind’. This translation proved to be a watershed event in the history of numbers. The Arabs quickly grasped the importance of the Indian decimal system of numbers. They played a key role in transmitting this system of numbers to Europeans. For a long time Europeans were using Roman Numerals, which were very tedious to handle. After accepting the decimal system of numbers, European mathematicians made a remarkable progress in mathematics, but that was about 500 years after Bhaskaracharya.
From 750 AD Onwards India was engulfed in waves of foreign attacks. In 1205 AD Bakhtiyar Khilji destroyed the magnificent Nalanda University, which was a renowned center of knowledge for about 800 years. India was in utter chaotic state till the country was colonized by British. All universities and learning centers in India were destroyed, knowledge was lost and hardly any progress was made in mathematics and astronomy. A few scholars like Keshav Daivadnya, Ganesh Daivadnya Madhav, Sawai Jai Singh and others tried to keep the flame of knowledge burning in that dark period.


Birth and Education of Bhaskaracharya :

Ganesh Daivadnya has bestowed a very apt title on Bhaskaracharya. He has called him ‘Ganakchakrachudamani’, which means, ‘a gem among all the calculators of astronomical phenomena.’ Bhaskaracharya himself has written about his birth, his place of residence, his teacher and his education, in Siddhantashiromani as follows,
‘ A place called ‘Vijjadveed’, which is surrounded by Sahyadri ranges, where there are scholars of three Vedas, where all branches of knowledge are studied, and where all kinds of noble people reside, a brahmin called Maheshwar was staying, who was born in Shandilya Gotra (in Hindu religion, Gotra is similar to lineage from a particular person, in this case sage Shandilya), well versed in Shroud (originated from ‘Shut’ or ‘Vedas’) and ‘Smart’ (originated from ‘Smut’) Dharma, respected by all and who was authority in all the branches of knowledge. I acquired knowledge at his feet’.
From this verse it is clear that Bhaskaracharya was a resident of Vijjadveed and his father Maheshwar taught him mathematics and astronomy. Unfortunately today we have no idea where Vijjadveed was located. It is necessary to ardently search this place which was surrounded by the hills of Sahyadri and which was the center of learning at the time of Bhaskaracharya. He writes about his year of birth as follows,
‘I was born in Shake 1036 (1114 AD) and I wrote Siddhanta Shiromani when I was 36 years old.’
Bhaskaracharya has also written about his education. Looking at the knowledge, which he acquired in a span of 36 years, it seems impossible for any modern student to achieve that feat in his entire life. See what Bhaskaracharya writes about his education,
‘I have studied eight books of grammar, six texts of medicine, six books on logic, five books of mathematics, four Vedas, five books on Bharat Shastras, and two Mimansas’.
Bhaskaracharya calls himself a poet and most probably he was Vedanti, since he has mentioned ‘Parambrahman’ in that verse.
 

SIDDHANTASHIROMANI
...
Bhaskaracharya wrote Siddhanta Shiromani in 1150 AD when he was 36 years old. This is a mammoth work containing about 1450 verses. It is divided into four parts, Lilawati, Beejaganit, Ganitadhyaya and Goladhyaya. In fact each part can be considered as separate book. The numbers of verses in each part are as follows,
Lilawati has 278, Beejaganit has 213, Ganitadhyaya has 451 and Goladhyaya has 501 verses.
One of the most important characteristic of Siddhanta Shiromani is, it consists of simple methods of calculations from Arithmetic to Astronomy. Essential knowledge of ancient Indian Astronomy can be acquired by reading only this book. Siddhanta Shiromani has surpassed all the ancient books on astronomy in India. After Bhaskaracharya nobody could write excellent books on mathematics and astronomy in lucid language in India. In India, Siddhanta works used to give no proofs of any theorem. Bhaskaracharya has also followed the same tradition.
Lilawati is an excellent example of how a difficult subject like mathematics can be written in poetic language. Lilawati has been translated in many languages throughout the world. When British Empire became paramount in India, they established three universities in 1857, at Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. Till then, for about 700 years, mathematics was taught in India from Bhaskaracharya’s Lilawati and Beejaganit. No other textbook has enjoyed such long lifespan.

BHASKAR’S MATHEMATICS

Lilawati and Beejaganit together consist of about 500 verses. A few important highlights of Bhaskar’s mathematics are as follows,
Terms for numbers
In English, cardinal numbers are only in multiples of 1000. They have terms such as thousand, million, billion, trillion, quadrillion etc. Most of these have been named recently. However, Bhaskaracharya has given the terms for numbers in multiples of ten and he says that these terms were coined by ancients for the sake
of positional values.

Bhaskar’s terms for numbers are as follows:
eka(1), dasha(10), shata(100), sahastra(1000), ayuta(10,000), laksha(100,000), prayuta (1,000,000=million), koti(107), arbuda(108), abja(109=billion), kharva (1010), nikharva (1011), mahapadma (1012=trillion), shanku(1013), jaladhi(1014), antya(1015=quadrillion), Madhya (1016) and parardha(1017).

Kuttak

Kuttak is nothing but the modern indeterminate equation of first order. The method of solution of such equations was called as ‘pulverizer’ in the western world. Kuttak means to crush to fine particles or to pulverize. There are many kinds of Kuttaks. Let us consider one example.
In the equation, ax + b = cy, a and b are known positive integers. We want to also find out the values of x and y in integers. A particular example is,
100x +90 = 63y
Bhaskaracharya gives the solution of this example as, x = 18, 81, 144, 207… And y=30, 130, 230, 330…
Indian Astronomers used such kinds of equations to solve astronomical problems. It is not easy to find solutions of these equations but Bhaskara has given a generalized solution to get multiple answers.

Chakrawaal

Chakrawaal is the “indeterminate equation of second order” in western mathematics. This type of equation is also called Pell’s equation. Though the equation is recognized by his name Pell had never solved the equation. Much before Pell, the equation was solved by an ancient and eminent Indian mathematician, Brahmagupta (628 AD). The solution is given in his Brahmasphutasiddhanta. Bhaskara modified the method and gave a general solution of this equation. For example, consider the equation 61x2 + 1 = y2. Bhaskara gives the values of x = 22615398 and y = 1766319049
There is an interesting history behind this very equation. The Famous French mathematician Pierre de Fermat (1601-1664) asked his friend Bessy to solve this very equation. Bessy used to solve the problems in his head like present day Shakuntaladevi. Bessy failed to solve the problem. After about 100 years another famous French mathematician solved this problem. But his method is lengthy and could find a particular solution only, while Bhaskara gave the solution for five cases. In his book ‘History of mathematics’, see what Carl Boyer says about this equation,
‘In connection with the Pell’s equation ax2 + 1 = y2, Bhaskara gave particular solutions for five cases, a = 8, 11, 32, 61, and 67, for 61x2 + 1 = y2, for example he gave the solutions, x = 226153980 and y = 1766319049, this is an impressive feat in calculations and its verifications alone will tax the efforts of the reader’
Henceforth the so-called Pell’s equation should be recognized as ‘Brahmagupta-Bhaskaracharya equation’.

Simple mathematical methods

Bhaskara has given simple methods to find the squares, square roots, cube, and cube roots of big numbers. He has proved the Pythagoras theorem in only two lines. The famous Pascal Triangle was Bhaskara’s ‘Khandameru’. Bhaskara has given problems on that number triangle. Pascal was born 500 years after Bhaskara. Several problems on permutations and combinations are given in Lilawati. Bhaskar. He has called the method ‘ankapaash’. Bhaskara has given an approximate value of PI as 22/7 and more accurate value as 3.1416. He knew the concept of infinity and called it as ‘khahar rashi’, which means ‘anant’. It seems that Bhaskara had not notions about calculus, One of his equations in modern notation can be written as, d(sin (w)) = cos (w) dw.

Thursday, December 26, 2013

INDIAN ASTRONOMY

ASTRONOMY OF ANCIENT INDIA/BHARAT

The Spiritual Realm of Bhagvat Puraan
There is a wealth of Astronomical data available in ancient Hindu scriptures. I’ll first share our current knowledge about Astronomy and then we can compare it with the details provided in our ancient texts to get a clear picture about where we stand.
Modern Astronomy talks about a Single Universe comprising of Dark Matter and brighter Heavenly bodies like the Galaxies, Stars, Planets, Asteroids, Satellites etc. This entire matter (and anti-matter) is believed to have emerged about 14 Billion Years ago in time, from a momentous explosion called the Big Bang.  
Turning to the scriptural descriptions, my personal favorite is Shrimad-Bhagavat Puraan because of its extremely scientific approach and I'm gonna use excerpts from this magnificent book to present data that I am sure will blow your mind if you have any interest in astronomy!
Inside this literary Masterpiece, one can find descriptions of the different planets from our Solar System and beyond; our Galaxy; different Planetary systems; as well as our ENTIRE Universe! Let's see what it has to offer to an interested reader in terms of Astronomy.

Universe according to Srimad Bhagvatam

The Spiritual Realm of Bhagvat Puraan
Hindu Mythology talks about TWO separate Realms in this Creation - the SPIRITUAL and the MATERIAL.
The Spiritual Realm is full of the Effulgence of Supreme Lord that spreads throughout and banishes darkness from each and every corner of this Realm. Religions that envision God as a Being of Bright Light worship the same Brahmajyoti.
The Spiritual Realm
This Supreme Heaven is believed to be the abode of Supreme Brahman in Vedas, Allah in Koran, Jehovah in Jewish texts, Param Purakh in Sikhism and the King-of-Kings in Bible. This is the Supreme Abode that all souls in the material realm strive for, and reach after attaining Nirvana. Srimad Bhagvatam, calls this the dwelling place of Lord Krishna who resides in His Spiritual abode of Golok Vrindavan.
Around this central world, there exist other Spiritual planets that revolve around it like the planets in Solar System revolve around the Sun. These are collectively known as the Vaikunth planets and each of these is the Divine residence of a Vishnu form.

On these planets reside Lord Vishnu's different incarnations alongwith Goddess Lakshmi and the Pure souls who have been able to transcend the bonds of Material Nature.

In one corner of this huge bright realm, like a ‘Dark cloud in a clear bright sky’, lies the Material Creation, where Individual Souls like YOU and ME take birth, evolve, exist, eat, earn, reproduce and ultimately die. This realm takes up about 1/4th of the entire space of the Spiritual Realm and is depicted beneath the lotus on the lower right corner of the image below.
Material Realm in a corner of the Spiritual Realm

Even though Material Realm is created for souls who want to live independent lives, the Lord, by means of His infinite expansions, still ensures they can have a smooth sailing. He takes the form of Shri Maha Vishnu for the Creation of this Material Realm and it is from Him that everything in this world emanates.
Now there is ONE MAJOR difference in the Hindu notion of the Material world and the current scientific understanding about it - Hindu scriptures state that the Material Realm is composed of Billions and Trillions of Universes (!!) and NOT just a single one!!
Billions and Billions of Universes

Scientifically, it is still undetermined whether the universe exists by itself or is just one of the countless trillions within a larger Multiverse, itself contained within the Omniverse that is the Material World.
But, according to scriptures, the Universe that we live in, is just a TINY infinitesimal part of the entire Material Creation and all these zillions of Universes are born at the Same Time from the Same Primeval Source - Shri Maha Vishnu.
EVERYTIME the Lord exhales, a Universe emerges from EACH of his body pores and with EACH of His inhalations, ALL these Universes merge BACK into His body! The multiple universes generated are floating, and they are scattered all over the Causal Ocean.
Universes emerging from Sri Maha Vishnu



I was rendered speechless by the larger-than-life imagery inherent in this concept. The mere thought of so many Universes taking Birth, Expanding and Dissolving again in Maha Vishnu’s SINGLE breath is fantastic and indeed (to use the pun) breath-taking!!
Madam Blavatsky, the founder of the Theosophical Society describes this phenomenon thus-

The Great Breath goes forth and returns again.
As it proceeds outwards, objects, worlds, and men appear.
As it recedes all things disappear into the original source.
The Great Breath is, so to speak, the universal and eternal Perpetuum Mobile.

If ever there is a Grand description of God in World literature, it has to be this one! How infinitesimal and tiny our entire existence appears to be if we humbly give thought to this notion. Our entire lifetimes are nothing, not even a fraction of a second for Lord Maha Vishnu!

Indeed our entire Universe (which by current estimates is about 13.7 Billion years old), was born with a SINGLE exhalation of the Lord and will merge back into Him with His NEXT intake of Breath!! The concept also fits the Big Bang Theory, as the moment it emerges from Lord Vishnu's body pores is THE moment of Big Bang for each Universe!

Big Bang - The Birth of a Universe

After exploding out of the body of Sri Maha Vishnu, each Universe continues to expand, and after reaching a critical threshold, again begins to contract until it is assimilated back in the body of Lord Maha Vishnu!
I thought this was probably one isolated example of the mention of a Multi-verse and maybe was not intended in the way I was interpreting it. But to my surprise, the concept of Multiple Universes is widely accepted and acknowledged in Hindu Cosmology!

Multiple Universes in Scriptures

Shri Hari Vishnu, the Cause of all Creation
Puranic literature is full of descriptions of multiple as well as parallel Universes. Hindu scriptures also declare there's Intelligent life out there in the Universe and this is gotta be the absolutely FIRST mention of ALIENS in World Literature ever!!
I will share with you a few examples from different texts to illustrate the point.Srimad Bhagavatam [6.16.37] eulogizes the Supreme Lord Vishnu in following words:

There are Innumerable Universes besides this one, and although they are unlimitedly large, they move about like atoms in You. Therefore You are called 'Without-limits'.
In verse 10.14.11, it again states:
Unlimited universes pass through the pores of Your body just as particles of dust pass through the openings of a screened window.
Lord Shiva in verse 9.4.56 again mentions thus:
My dear son, I, Lord Brahmā and the other devas, who move within this universe, cannot exhibit any power to compete with the Supreme Personality of Godhead, for Innumerable Universes and their inhabitants come into existence and are annihilated by the simple direction of the Lord Hari.

Similar views are shared by Lord Brahma in the Brahma Vaivarta Puraan where a mention of Multiple, Parallel Universes is made-

And who will search through the wide infinities of space to count the universes Side by Side, EACH containing its Brahma, its Vishnu, its Shiva? Who can count the Indras in them, ALL those Indras Side by Side, who reign at once in all the innumerable worlds; those others who passed away before them; or even the Indras who succeed each other in any given line, ascending to godly kingship, one by one, and, one by one, passing away?

Hindu scriptures declare there's Intelligent life out there, and this is gotta be absolutely the FIRST mention of ALIENS in World Literature ever!!

The obvious take-away from this concept is that according to the scriptures, there exist MORE than One Universes in our Creation and this topic has long been debated by modern Scientists. Let us see what our current notions of scientific theory have to say about it.

Multiple Universes in Science

A large body of Scientific intelligentsia believes in multiple Universes existing perhaps in parallel dimensions. Here, I would like to introduce you to perhaps the most brilliant mind of our times - Stephen Hawking, whose phenomenal work - A Brief History of Time, is by far the most important book on Space Science ever. 

Stephen Hawking's Masterpiece

In this monumental work, Mr. Hawking talks about something known as Chaotic Boundary Conditions and the Anthropic Theory. He states and I quote-

‘According to the Strong Anthropic Principle, there are either MANY different Universes or MANY different regions of a single universe, each with its own initial configuration and, perhaps, with its own set of laws of science.’

Simply put, it states that, the likelihood of development of our Single Universe from the big-bang is much less than the likelihood of Multiple Universes being born out of it!!

 

Multiple Universes emerging from the Big Bang



The notion of Parallel/Alternate Universes has been widely used in many Hollywood movies such as the recent Star-Trek film (2009), FAQ (2004), and Jet-Li movie The One (2001).

What is interesting for me is that the mention of Multiple Universes comes from the scriptures much BEFORE modern Science came to terms with accepting their existence. Short of Time-Travel, the ancient Yogis could only have grasped the basic nature of our Universe through their rigorous meditation and penance!

Till now, Science has been unable to tell us, what existed BEFORE the Big Bang. WHERE did the explosion take place if there was nothing before it happened?? WHAT caused the explosion in the first place??

But if we grasp the concepts from Srimad Bhagvatam we can understand the Science as well as Faith behind this. The Scientific Spirit of ancient Rishis makes me bow down in reverence and if you read the texts with an open mind, will amaze you with their profound philosophical insight as well.

Ancient Yogis deciphering the Universe through meditation

Our ancient beliefs are not just Myths, but Parables for explaining profound Scientific principles to the common man.

We will cover more such interesting topics in the Posts to follow and I will try to touch upon as many diverse scientific disciplines as I can use to understand and decode the myths and legends from ancient Hindu tradition.

For now, I conclude this post with the amazingly inquisitive Nasadiya Sukta from the most ancient text of Humanity -the Rigveda [10.129] which highlights the quest of ancient Rishis to find Origins of not only this Creation but that of GOD Himself-







At first was no Being neither Non-being,
There was yet no Air nor Sky spread.

So what was covering? Where was it present?
Was Water there, in the unfathomable depth?

There was no Death, nor Immortality;
Of Night or Day there was yet no sign.
The One breathed windless, self-sustaining,
Other than HIM was nothing divine.

Darkness was there, wrapping more Darkness,
And All was Water indistinguishable, Dark.
The Cosmic seed was wrapped in the Void,
Rising at last, by the power of Thought.

In this beginning, Desire took form,
The primal seed, born of the Mind.
Wisely sifting, Existence from Non-existence,
Sages have found all this in their Heart.

A Ray was stretched across the Void,
Know what was below, and what above.
Bearers of seed were there and Mighty forces,
Below was Strength, and Creative-will above.


Who really knows? Who can declare?
When did it happen? How Creation came on?
Even the Devas came after its emergence.
So who truly knows, Whence it was born?

He, from Whom this Creation Arose,
Did He fashion it or did He not,
He, who surveys it from the Highest Heaven,
He surely knows or maybe even He does not!